Guanine

• CAS: 73-40-5
• Catalog Number: ACM73405-1
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 151.13
• Molecular Formula: C5H5N5O
• Synonyms: 2-Amino-6-purinol
• IUPAC Name: 2-Amino-1,7-dihydropurin-6-one
• SMILES: C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC(=N2)N
• InChI: InChI=1S/C5H5N5O/c6-5-9-3-2(4(11)10-5)7-1-8-3/h1H,(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11)
• InChI Key: UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Boiling Point: 273.11 °C
• Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 311.4 °C
• Density: 1.4456 g/cm³
• Solubility: Practically insoluble in water
• Appearance: Solid
• Storage: 2-8 °C
• Active Content: 95%
• Assay: 0.99
• Complexity: 225
• EC Number: 200-799-8
• Exact Mass: 151.04940980
• Hazard Statements: Xi
• MDL Number: MFCD00071533
• Monoisotopic Mass: 151.04940980
• Packaging: 1 ton
• Physical State: Solid
• pKa: 9.92(at 40 °C)
• Refractive Index: 2.0000
• Safety Description: 26-36-37/39
• Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
• Storage Conditions: 2-8°C
• Supplemental Hazard Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Symbol: GHS07
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 96.2 Ų
• WGK Germany: 3

Case Study

Guanine for the Promotion of Axonal Regeneration and Neuronal Viability in Injury Models

Li H, et al. Experimental Neurology, 2025, 388, 115219.

In a recent study investigating neuroprotective metabolites, guanine demonstrated potent regenerative and survival-enhancing effects in neuronal injury models. Following sciatic nerve damage, the endogenous level of isoguanine in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissue was markedly reduced. To assess the therapeutic potential of guanine and its isomer isoguanine, primary DRG neurons were cultured and treated with various concentrations of the compounds. The CCK-8 assay was employed to evaluate neuronal viability: cells were seeded into 96-well plates, incubated with guanine for 24 hours, followed by the addition of 10% CCK-8 solution for 2 hours at 37 °C. Absorbance was measured at 450 nm using the BioTek Synergy2 system, and cell viability was normalized to untreated controls. Functionally, guanine significantly promoted axon elongation in vitro and enhanced peripheral axon regeneration in vivo, attributed to activation of the Akt signaling pathway. Although ineffective in inducing optic nerve regeneration in the central nervous system, guanine improved retinal ganglion cell survival post-injury.

Spintronic Memory Control via Guanine-Based Ferroelectric Junctions

Iacob N, et al. Heliyon, 2025, 11(1), e41171.

In this study, guanine was utilized as a ferroelectric spacer in a spintronic memory junction, demonstrating its potential for non-volatile memory applications. The device architecture comprised a guanine thin film sandwiched between two ferromagnetic electrodes-cobalt (Co) and cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloys-each exhibiting distinct in-plane coercive fields. Experimental fabrication involved sequential deposition of the ferromagnetic layers followed by vacuum-assisted growth of a guanine film to ensure uniform thickness and high crystallinity. Electrical and magnetic characterizations were conducted at 100 K to evaluate spin transport and polarization switching behavior.
The guanine film acted as an efficient spin transport channel with ferroelectric properties, allowing for electric-field-induced modulation of its polarization state. Simultaneously, magnetic field variations controlled the magnetization alignment of the electrodes. This dual control enabled tunable magnetoresistance and electroresistance effects. Notably, switching the electric polarization direction induced a transition between positive and negative magnetoresistance hysteresis, indicating a spin rectification effect. The strong magnetoelectric coupling observed at the ferromagnetic/guanine interface was critical for achieving multistate memory behavior. These findings demonstrate guanine's unique suitability as an organic ferroelectric material in two-terminal spin valve devices, offering a new pathway for developing organic multiferroic memory systems.

Custom Q&A

What is the IUPAC name for Guanine?

The IUPAC name for Guanine is 2-Amino-1,7-dihydropurin-6-one.

What is the molecular formula of Guanine?

The molecular formula of Guanine is C5H5N5O.

What is the appearance of Guanine?

Guanine appears as white to light yellow crystal powder.

What is the purity of Guanine?

The purity of Guanine is 98%.

What is the boiling point of Guanine?

The boiling point of Guanine is 591.4°C at 760 mmHg.

What is the melting point of Guanine?

The melting point of Guanine is >300 °C (lit.).

What are some typical applications of Guanine?

Some typical applications of Guanine include use as a dispersing agent, emulsion stabilizer, anticorrosive agent, and antistatic agent.

What is the density of Guanine?

The density of Guanine is 1.45g/ml.

What is the CAS number for Guanine?

The CAS number for Guanine is 73-40-5.

What is the InChI Key for Guanine?

The InChI Key for Guanine is InChI=1S/C5H5N5O/c6-5-9-3-2(4(11)10-5)7-1-8-3/h1H,(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11)

Synthetic Use

Upstream Synthesis Route 1

• 961-07-9

• 19916-78-0
• 73-40-5
• 34371-14-7

Reference: [1] Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin Transactions 2, 1998, # 6, p. 1365 - 1374

Upstream Synthesis Route 2

• 77287-34-4

• 23147-58-2
• 1455-77-2
• 120-89-8
• 849585-22-4
• 73-40-5
• 110-15-6
• 120-73-0
• 144-62-7
• 113-00-8
• 127-17-3
• 57-13-6
• 302-72-7
• 18588-61-9

Reference: [1] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2018, vol. 24, # 32, p. 8126 - 8132

Upstream Synthesis Route 3

• 77287-34-4

• 51953-18-5
• 1455-77-2
• 120-89-8
• 849585-22-4
• 73-40-5
• 328-42-7
• 2491-15-8
• 110-15-6
• 71-30-7
• 120-73-0
• 144-62-7
• 113-00-8
• 127-17-3
• 66-22-8
• 56-06-4
• 66224-66-6
• 57-13-6
• 56-40-6
• 302-72-7
• 18588-61-9

Reference: [1] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2018, vol. 24, # 32, p. 8126 - 8132

Upstream Synthesis Route 4

• 64-18-6
• 1004-75-7

• 73-40-5

Reference: [1]Chemische Berichte,1913,vol. 46,p. 3844

Upstream Synthesis Route 5

• 1004-75-7
• 122-51-0

• 73-40-5

Reference: [1]Journal of Organic Chemistry,1956,vol. 21,p. 599