Zinc maleate

• CAS: 7344-42-5
• Catalog Number: ACM7344425
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 179.45
• Molecular Formula: C4H₂O4Zn
• Synonyms: MALEIC ACID, ZINC SALT
• Appearance: Solid

Case Study

Zinc Maleate as a High-Performance Thermal Stabilizer for Poly(vinyl chloride)

Li, Guoxing, et al. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 132.7 (2015).

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is widely used in construction and packaging, but its poor thermal stability during processing leads to dehydrochlorination, discoloration, and mechanical degradation. Developing efficient, non-toxic alternatives is therefore critical for sustainable PVC applications. In this study, zinc maleate (ZnMA) was synthesized and complexed with zinc oxide (ZnO) to form novel ZnMA/ZnO complexes via two methods: reaction of maleic acid with excess ZnO (ZnMA-I) and direct mixing of ZnMA with ZnO (ZnMA-II).
Key Results:
· Optimal molar ratios were identified: ZnO:MAH = 1.2:1 for ZnMA-I and ZnO:ZnMA = 1:1 for ZnMA-II, providing static stability times of 30-34 min at 2.0 phr loading-approximately twice that of pure ZnMA or ZnO.
· TGA showed that both complexes raised the onset decomposition temperature of PVC from 236 °C to 241-247 °C and reduced maximum weight loss rates, indicating effective retardation of dehydrochlorination.
· Dynamic stability tests confirmed synergistic effects with calcium stearate, achieving stability times of 9-10 min compared to 8 min for ZnMA/CaSt2 and 4-5 min for ZnMA alone.
· Mechanism studies revealed that the complexes act through three pathways: (1) replacement of labile chlorine atoms, (2) Diels-Alder reaction with conjugated polyenes to interrupt discoloration, and (3) absorption of evolved HCl. Gel content analysis (up to 29% after 2 min) confirmed crosslinking via Diels-Alder chemistry.
· UV-Vis and color analysis demonstrated that ZnMA-I-1.2 effectively suppressed polyene sequence formation and eliminated "zinc burning," maintaining near-white color even after extended heating.

Zinc Maleate as a Building Block for Mixed-Ligand Metal-Containing Monomers with Terpyridine Ligands

Baimuratova, Rose K., et al. Key Engineering Materials 869 (2020): 119-128.

Terpyridine-metal complexes are particularly valuable for supramolecular assembly, yet incorporating them into polymerizable systems remains challenging. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of novel mixed-ligand complexes based on zinc maleate with 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine (PhTpy).
Synthesis: Zinc maleate was first prepared by reacting maleic acid with zinc acetate dihydrate in ethanol. The target complex ZnMaleatePhTpy was then synthesized by reacting zinc maleate with PhTpy in ethanol at 50 °C. The ligand PhTpy was obtained via a two-step Kröhnke-type synthesis from 2-acetylpyridine and benzaldehyde.
Key Results:
· Elemental analysis confirmed the formation of a mixed-ligand complex with the empirical formula Zn2C4H2O4·C21H15N3, indicating a 2:1:1 ratio of zinc:maleate:terpyridine. FTIR spectroscopy revealed coordination of the terpyridine ligand to zinc through nitrogen atoms, with pyridine ring stretching vibrations shifting from 1040 cm-1 in the free ligand to 1016 cm-1 in the complex.
· Thermal analysis demonstrated high stability, with 5% and 10% weight loss temperatures of 323 °C and 357 °C, respectively. Decomposition proceeded in three stages, with initial decarboxylation followed by solid-phase polymerization and partial ligand elimination.
· Comparative analysis showed zinc maleate complexes exhibited higher thermal stability than their copper analogs, attributed to stronger metal-ligand interactions.
· Zinc maleate thus serves as an effective component for constructing thermally stable, polymerizable metal-organic hybrids, offering a platform for supramolecular materials design.

Custom Q&A

What is the molecular formula of zinc maleate?

The molecular formula of zinc maleate is C4H4O4Zn.

What is the molecular weight of zinc maleate?

The molecular weight of zinc maleate is 181.5 g/mol.

What is the PubChem CID for zinc maleate?

The PubChem CID for zinc maleate is 59038281.

What is the IUPAC name of zinc maleate?

The IUPAC name of zinc maleate is (Z)-but-2-enedioic acid;zinc.

What is the InChI for zinc maleate?

The InChI for zinc maleate is InChI=1S/C4H4O4.Zn/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8;/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8);/b2-1-.

What is the InChIKey for zinc maleate?

The InChIKey for zinc maleate is PKMTWMDBJHRDBM-ODZAUARKSA-N.

How many hydrogen bond donor counts does zinc maleate have?

Zinc maleate has 2 hydrogen bond donor counts.

How many hydrogen bond acceptor counts does zinc maleate have?

Zinc maleate has 4 hydrogen bond acceptor counts.

How many rotatable bond counts does zinc maleate have?

Zinc maleate has 0 rotatable bond counts.

What is the topological polar surface area of zinc maleate?

The topological polar surface area of zinc maleate is 74.6Ų.