Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite

• CAS: 73581-79-0
• Catalog Number: ACM73581790
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 376.4
• Molecular Formula: C11H10O5S.C6H6N2O
• Synonyms: 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-1,4-dioxonaphthalene-2-sulphonic acid, compound with nicotin-3-amide (1:1)
• Appearance: White to light yellow crystalline powder

Case Study

Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite used as a source of vitamin K and niacin activity in pigs

Marchetti, M., M. Tassinari, and S. Marchetti. Animal Science 71.1 (2000): 111-117.

Menadione Nicotinamide Bisulfite (MNB) is an organic salt combining menadione and niacinamide that exhibits improved stability to physical and chemical factors once added to premixes or food. The study evaluated the bioavailability and toxicity of the two vitamins present in this compound to pigs. To evaluate the bioavailability of the vitamins, pigs were fed a small amount of diet containing MNB or an equal amount of free MSB and niacinamide. The concentrations of menadione and niacinamide in blood samples drawn at set times after the diet did not show any significant differences between the two modes of administration. MNB is a good source of vitamin K for pigs and does not seem to have any adverse effects even when administered at levels higher than those typically used in pig diet supplements.
The bioavailability of menadione and niacinamide contained in MNB was evaluated by determining the plasma concentrations of the two vitamins in pigs after MNB or an equal amount of free MSB and niacinamide in the diet. Five days before the experiment, 54 pigs were housed in individual cages and given their previous diet, but without menadione or nicotinamide supplementation. After an overnight fast, 18 pigs were given a small portion (100 to 200 g) of unsupplemented food to which 2·5 g MSB (equivalent to 1·26 g menadione) and 0·99 g nicotinamide were added; another 18 pigs were given an identical unsupplemented diet to which 3·0 g MNB (equivalent to an equal amount of both vitamins) were added, and the remaining 18 pigs (unsupplemented controls) were given an unsupplemented diet without both vitamins. Blood samples were drawn from each pig by jugular venipuncture at the following times before and after meals: 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 h, and collected in tubes with heparin as anticoagulant; plasma was separated by centrifugation at 1000 5 g for 10 min and stored at -20°C until vitamin analysis.

To investigate the health effects of dietary nicotinamide bisulfite menadione on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Krossøy, C., et al. Aquaculture nutrition 15.6 (2009): 638-649.

The aim of the study was to elucidate whether increasing levels of vitamin K added to the diet would affect growth, health, or the incidence of skeletal malformations in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fish from the start of feeding to a 100 g intake in freshwater. In a regression design, replicated groups of Atlantic salmon fingerlings (0.20 g) were fed 8 levels (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 mg menadione kg) of the vitamin K derivative menadione nicotinamide bisulfite (MNB) for 28 weeks. All fish maintained a high growth rate throughout the experiment, with no significant differences in specific growth rate, conditioning factor, whole body proximal analysis, clotting time, vertebral morphology, or vertebral mechanical properties. Atlantic salmon appear to require low levels of dietary vitamin K, and the amounts of vitamin K naturally present in currently used feed ingredients are likely sufficient to maintain optimal growth, health, and bone strength of Atlantic salmon fry from the start of feeding.
NIFES prepared eight different vitamin blends with increasing levels of MD using menadione nicotinamide bisulfite (MNB) as a source of vitamin K. MNB contains at least 43% MD and 30.5% nicotinamide. The vitamin blends were used to prepare the experimental diets. Vitamin and mineral supplementation followed recommendations for coldwater salmonid species, with the exception of MD, which was present in the experimental diets at the following levels: unsupplemented diet (K0), 2.5 mg (K2.5), 5 mg (K5), 7.5 mg (K7.5), 10 mg (K10), 15 mg (K15), 20 mg (K20), and 50 mg (K50) MD kg feed.

Menadione nicotinamide hydrogen salt (MNB) as a diet for chicks

Oduho, George W., Thau K. Chung, and David H. Baker. The Journal of nutrition 123.4 (1993): 737-743.

Young chicks were fed a vitamin K-deficient soy concentrate-based diet containing graded levels of menadione from either menadione nicotinamide hydrogen salt (MNB) or menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite (MPB) to evaluate the relationship between prothrombin time and menadione intake. Prothrombin time decreased linearly when the menadione dose was increased from 0 to 400 /ig/kg. Multiple linear regression slope ratio calculations indicated that both sources of menadione had equal potency. To evaluate the niacin bioactivity of MNB, graded doses of niacinamide (0 to 5 mg/kg) from either MNB or niacinamide were added to a niacin-deficient diet based on corn, corn gluten meal, and vitamin-free casein.
Weight gain increased linearly with niacinamide dose, and multiple linear regression analysis of weight gain with supplemental niacinamide intake showed no significant difference in slope between the two niacinamide sources. MNB was compared to MPB in acute or chronic toxicity studies using overdose. A single menadione dose of 1600 mg/kg body weight was followed by a 14-day period in which weight gain was reduced by MNB but not by MPB. At this dose level, mortality was 25% and 17% for MPB and MNB, respectively. A 3000 mg/kg diet menadione dose from MNB reduced weight gain, feed intake, gain:feed ratio, and blood hemoglobin concentration when provided in the diet for a 14-day feeding period. A 6000 mg/kg diet menadione dose was required to produce this type of morbidity when MPB was fed. The results indicate that MNB is fully effective as a source of vitamin K and niacin activity.

Tolerance study of rainbow trout to levels of menadione nicotinamide bisulfite

Marchetti, M., M. Tassinari, and G. Bauce. Aquaculture 134.1-2 (1995): 137-142.

The tolerance of rainbow trout fed diets supplemented with graded levels (0,500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) of this vitamin K form, menadione nicotinamide bisulfite (MNB), for 93 days was studied. Weight gain, weight gain/feed ratio and hematological parameters such as hemoglobin and bilirubin levels were similar between the control and MNB-fed groups. The results suggest that dietary intake of high levels of MNB has no adverse effects on the production size of rainbow trout. Therefore, based on its good tolerability and better stability compared to menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB), MNB is recommended as a suitable source of vitamin K activity for fish feed manufacturing.
Thirty rainbow trout with an average initial body weight of 123 g per group were fed a diet supplemented with different levels of menadione nicotinamide bisulfite (MNB) (0, 500, 1000, 200O mg/kg) at a rate of 2% for 93 days in a completely randomized design. The fish were housed in rectangular 300-L indoor fiberglass tanks containing water at 14°C, 8.0 ppm dissolved oxygen, and an exchange rate of 8 l/min.

Custom Q&A

What is the molecular formula of Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite?

The molecular formula of Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite is C17H16N2O6S.

What is the chemical structure of Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite?

The chemical structure of Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite can be found in the reference link.

What is the molecular weight of Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite?

The molecular weight of Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite is 376.4 g/mol.

What are the synonyms for Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite?

Some synonyms for Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite include 73581-79-0, XI3RCW71NC, UNII-XI3RCW71NC, and Menadionenicotinamidebisulfite.

What are the component compounds of Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite?

The component compounds of Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite are CID 936 (Nicotinamide) and CID 8536 (Menadione bisulfite).

What is the CAS number for Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite?

The CAS number for Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite is 73581-79-0.

How many hydrogen bond donor counts does Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite have?

Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite has 2 hydrogen bond donor counts.

How many hydrogen bond acceptor counts does Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite have?

Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite has 7 hydrogen bond acceptor counts.

What is the formal charge of Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite?

The formal charge of Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite is 0.

Is Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite a covalently-bonded unit?

Yes, Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite is considered a covalently-bonded unit.