Magnesium perchlorate

• CAS: 10034-81-8
• Catalog Number: ACM10034818
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 223.2
• Molecular Formula: 2ClO₄.Mg
• Synonyms: anhydrousmagnesiumperchlorate;dehydrite;Magnesiumperchlorate,anhydrou;magnesiumperchlorate,anhydrous;magnesiumperchlorate,tetrahydrate;perchloratedemagnesium;perchloratedemagnesium[french];PERCHLORIC ACID MAGNESIUM SALT
• IUPAC Name: Magnesium perchlorate
• Melting Point: 251°C
• Density: 2,21 g/cm³
• Appearance: solid
• Exact Mass: 221.88200
• Hazard Statements: O,Xi
• Packing Group: II
• Safety Description: 17-26-27-36/37/39-43-7/8
• Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive. Oxidizer - contact with combustible material may lead to fire. Incompatible with reducing agents, organic materials, trimethyl phosphate, powdered metals, strong acids, phosphorus.
• Supplemental Hazard Statements: H272-H315-H319-H335
• Symbol: GHS03,GHS07
• WGK Germany: 3

Case Study

Preparation of Biopolymer Membranes Based on Magnesium Perchlorate and I-Carrageenan

Shanmuga Priya S, et al. Ionics, 2018, 24, 3861-3875.

Biopolymer membranes based on magnesium perchlorate [Mg(ClO4)2] and I-carrageenan can be prepared by solution casting technology. The I-carrageenan film containing 0.6 wt% magnesium perchlorate showed a conductivity of 2.18 × 10^-3 S/cm, while the pure I-carrageenan film had a conductivity of 5.90 × 10^-5 S/cm. The biodegradable polymer complex of I-carrageenan with Mg(ClO4)2 salt is an efficient electrolyte for battery applications.
Preparation process of Mg(ClO4)2-based biopolymer membrane
· I-carrageenan polymer and magnesium perchlorate salt are used as raw materials for the synthesis of polymer salt complex, and double-distilled water has been used as a solvent.
· Different wt% of magnesium perchlorate (0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) is added to I-carrageenan. Using magnetic stirrer, the solution is stirred continuously to get homogenous solution.
· The solution is poured into petri dishes, and it is kept at 50 °C in vacuum oven for 2 days to evaporate the solvent. The samples are characterized using different techniques.

Magnesium Perchlorate as An Effective Catalyst for The Synthesis of Imines and Phenylhydrazones

Chakraborti, Asit K.,et al. Tetrahedron letters, 2004, 45, (41), 7641-7644.

Magnesium perchlorate [Mg(ClO4)2] is an effective catalyst for the synthesis of imines and phenylhydrazones by the reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines and phenylhydrazine. The advantages of using Mg(ClO4)2 in the reaction process include high yields, mild reaction conditions, and the use of catalytic amounts.
Typical procedure for imine formation
· 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde (1.36 g, 10mmol) was treated with 4-nitroaniline (1.38 g, 10mmol) in DCE (10mL) at rt for 8 h (GC-MS) with magnetic stirring in the presence of Mg(ClO4)2 (0.1 g, 0.5mmol, 5mol%). The reaction mixture was diluted with DCE (10mL), filtered through a bed of Na2SO4, and concentrated to afford the desired product (2.43 g, 95%) .
· To establish the scope and limitations of Mg(ClO4)2 as a catalyst for imine formation, structurally diverse carbonyl compounds were treated with various amines such as aniline (1), 4-methoxyaniline (2), 4-hydroxyaniline (3), 4-methylaniline (4), 4-chloroaniline (5), 4-nitroaniline (6), and benzylamine (7) under the catalytic influence of Mg(ClO4)2.

Deliquescent, Efflorescent and Mars Brine-Forming Phase Properties of Magnesium Perchlorate Hexahydrate

Primm K M, Gough R V, Wong J, et al. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2018, 123: 2076-2088.

The phase transition and Mars geochemical characteristics of magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate (Mg(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O) were studied via controlled environmental Raman spectroscopy, Mars regolith analog mixing experiments and planetary surface-subsurface numerical climate modeling assays. Hydrated perchlorate ionic crystal lattice with coordinated water molecules forms the core structural unit; low eutectic temperature and wide relative humidity (RH) hysteresis interval between deliquescence RH (DRH) and efflorescence RH (ERH) act as the core functional features governing liquid brine generation under Mars-like low-temperature conditions.
Magnesium perchlorate exhibited temperature-dependent deliquescent brine formation capacity under Mars CO₂ atmosphere: At a constant temperature of 233 K, pure magnesium perchlorate achieved deliquescence at 54.5% RH, transforming crystalline solid into stable aqueous brine droplets when ambient RH exceeded DRH threshold; even mixed 1:1 with montmorillonite clay or Mojave Mars Simulant (MMS) regolith, the mixture maintained nearly identical DRH value of 55.8% and 54.4% respectively, with mineral impurities showing no statistically significant interference on water vapor absorption behavior. It displayed obvious RH hysteresis efflorescence characteristics after brine deliquescence: After forming liquid solution, magnesium perchlorate brine only recrystallized into dry crystalline particles when RH dropped to 19% for pure salt and 21% for mineral-salt mixtures, generating a wide DRH-ERH hysteresis window that greatly extends the stable existence duration of liquid brines on Mars surface. Additionally, magnesium perchlorate showed distinct site-specific brine formation potential on Martian terrain: Subsurface climate modeling based on MSL Gale Crater REMS meteorological data indicated ground temperature and RH combinations never crossed magnesium perchlorate's deliquescence threshold, precluding liquid brine emergence; in contrast, 1 cm shallow subsurface simulation of Phoenix Vastitas Borealis landing site captured diurnal temperature-RH cycles fully matching salt deliquescence conditions, confirming sustained thin brine films can form in northern arctic subsurface regolith. Raman spectral identification and microscopic particle imaging verified that mixed salt-mineral particles retained intact ClO₄⁻ vibrational peak at 931 cm⁻¹ and broad O-H water stretching band, and lattice mismatch calculation between perchlorate and montmorillonite (δ=0.140) explained why clay minerals failed to promote salt recrystallization during efflorescence. These studies demonstrate that magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate possesses stable mineral-insensitive deliquescence, wide-hysteresis efflorescence and terrain-selective Mars liquid brine-forming geochemical properties.
The comprehensive phase transition and planetary simulation experiment adopted two parallel test modules: laboratory mineral mixing Raman environmental cell assay and Mars surface-subsurface numerical modeling. For laboratory testing, samples were divided into four experimental groups: pure magnesium perchlorate blank group, 1:1 magnesium perchlorate-montmorillonite mixture group, 1:1 magnesium perchlorate-MMS regolith mixture group, and pure Mars mineral control group. Experiments were carried out under both N₂ and Mars-relevant pure CO₂ carrier gas atmospheres; temperature was adjusted from 215 K to 277 K with RH continuously modulated to record deliquescence, ice nucleation and efflorescence transition points via Raman microscope and visual particle observation, each phase transition cycle repeated at least three times for statistical averaging. For planetary modeling, meteorological datasets from MSL REMS (Gale Crater) and Phoenix TECP (Vastitas Borealis) instruments were imported into coupled heat-mass transfer 1D subsurface model with 0.01 m vertical resolution, simulating diurnal RH-temperature cycles at surface and 1 cm subsurface depth over multiple Martian solar longitudes (Lₛ). All RH, temperature and spectral intensity data were analyzed via Student's t-test at 95% confidence threshold to compare phase transition differences between pure salt and mineral mixtures. The results verified that montmorillonite and Mars regolith analogs cannot alter magnesium perchlorate's intrinsic deliquescence and efflorescence phase boundaries, and the salt's unique low-temperature brine-forming property only permits transient liquid water to form in the shallow subsurface of Mars northern arctic plains rather than equatorial Gale Crater.

Mg²⁺ Conductive, Amorphization-Inducing and Electrochemical Stabilizing Properties of Magnesium Perchlorate

Manjuladevi R, Thamilselvan M, Selvasekarapandian S, et al. Solid State Ionics, 2017, 308: 90-100.

Mg²⁺ Conductive, Amorphization-Inducing and Electrochemical Stabilizing Properties of Magnesium Perchlorate
Case Study:The structural and electrochemical functional characteristics of magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO₄)₂) were studied via PVA/PAN blend polymer electrolyte (BPE) film preparation, XRD, FTIR, AC impedance spectroscopy and primary magnesium battery device assays. Dissociable Mg²⁺ cation and large perchlorate anion act as core ionic functional units; ion-polymer coordination interactions between Mg²⁺ and PVA hydroxyl / PAN nitrile groups serve as the key mechanism driving polymer chain disorder and high magnesium ionic conductivity.
Magnesium perchlorate exhibited prominent polymer amorphization capacity when doped into 92.5PVA:7.5PAN blend matrix: XRD diffraction results showed sharp crystalline peaks at 20.3° and 40.8° for undoped pure blend film; serial addition of Mg(ClO₄)₂ from 0.05 to 0.25 m.m.% gradually broadened and weakened crystalline humps, with the 0.25 m.m.% group presenting the flattest diffraction profile and maximum amorphous degree. Excessive doping at 0.3 m.m.% triggered partial recrystallization and peak re-intensification due to ion cluster aggregation. It demonstrated dose-dependent Mg²⁺ ionic conductivity regulation: At 303 K room temperature, pure PVA/PAN blend only delivered ultra-low conductivity of 1.30 ×10⁻⁸ S/cm; conductivity rose continuously with increasing Mg(ClO₄)₂ dosage, peaking at 2.94 ×10⁻⁴ S/cm for 0.25 m.m.% doped electrolyte, representing a 22,600-fold conductivity enhancement compared to undoped film. This optimal sample possessed the minimum activation energy of 0.21 eV for ion migration, following Arrhenius thermal conduction rule across 303-343 K. Additionally, Mg(ClO₄)₂ endowed blend electrolyte wide electrochemical stability window and dominant cation transport: Linear sweep voltammetry confirmed the highest-conducting film remained electrochemically inert up to 3.65 V vs Mg anode; Evans transference number testing verified Mg²⁺ transport number reached 0.27, while total ionic transference number exceeded 0.99, proving charge transport was dominated by mobile magnesium cations. When assembled into Mg/Mg(ClO₄) BPE/MnO₂ primary cells, the electrolyte delivered an initial open-circuit voltage of 2.06 V, stabilizing at 1.85 V over 1000 h of static storage, and maintained a flat discharge plateau at 0.86 V for 200 h under 1 MΩ external load. FTIR spectral shifts of O-H, C≡N and C=O vibrational bands confirmed coordinate bonding between dissociated Mg²⁺ and polar polymer functional groups, constructing continuous ion hopping pathways inside the blend matrix. These studies demonstrate that magnesium perchlorate possesses significant polymer amorphization, high Mg²⁺ conductive and wide electrochemical stabilizing properties for solid magnesium battery electrolyte fabrication.
The blend polymer electrolyte comprehensive evaluation experiment adopted DMF solution casting method, divided into seven Mg(ClO₄) doping subgroups (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 m.m.% salt mass fraction) with fixed 92.5 PVA : 7.5 PAN polymer ratio as uniform host matrix. Parallel characterization test modules included X-ray diffraction (2θ=10°-80°), FTIR vibrational spectroscopy (3500-650 cm⁻¹), temperature-dependent AC impedance (42 Hz-1 MHz, 303-343 K), DSC glass transition measurement, DC polarization transference number assay and linear sweep voltammetry (scan rate 5 mV/s). For battery performance verification, the 0.25 m.m.% optimal electrolyte film was sandwiched between magnesium metal anode and MnO₂-carbon composite cathode to assemble coin-type primary cells; open-circuit voltage and long-term discharge curves were continuously recorded over 1000 h storage period. All film samples were cast in identical 60 °C vacuum drying conditions to eliminate solvent interference, each formulation prepared in three parallel batches for repeated testing. Conductivity, Tg and electrochemical stability data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA at p<0.05 significance threshold. The results verified that moderate magnesium perchlorate doping disrupts PVA/PAN crystalline ordering, generates abundant free mobile Mg²⁺ carriers and builds segmental ion conduction channels, enabling low-activation-energy magnesium ion transport and wide-voltage electrochemical stability for solid-state magnesium energy storage devices.

Custom Reviews

Semptember 11, 2022

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Good reagent
It had a good performance as a drying agent

Custom Q&A

What is molecular formula of magnesium perchlorate?

Mg(ClO4)2

What is InChI of magnesium perchlorate?

InChI=1S/2ClHO4.Mg/c2*2-1(3,4)5;/h2*(H,2,3,4,5);/q;;+2/p-2

What is InChIKey of magnesium perchlorate?

MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L

What is DSSTox Substance ID of magnesium perchlorate?

DTXSID70890617