1072-54-4 Purity
0.96
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Specification
Toshova, T.B., et al. (2019). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 167, 794-802.
Grandlure I (racemic grandisol) acts as an effective synthetic field attractant for the sugar beet pest weevil Bothynoderes affinis, attracting both sexes and enabling seasonal population monitoring while also capturing a broad range of other Lixinae weevil species.
Experimental Protocol: Field experiments were conducted across multiple localities from 2011 to 2017. Modified pitfall traps were baited with racemic grandisol applied on rubber tubing dispensers at doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg. Dose-response experiments compared captures across increasing lure loadings, and a trap color preference study evaluated transparent, white, blue, yellow, and fluorescent yellow trap bodies. Traps were inspected one to three times per week and lures were replaced at four- to five-week intervals. Captured weevils were identified to species and sexed by genital dissection.
Performance Evaluation: Grandisol-baited traps captured significantly more B. affinis adults than traps baited with grandlure III-IV mixture or non-baited controls. The mean capture increased dose-dependently, with traps baited with 1 mg grandisol on rubber dispensers catching significantly more weevils than 0.1 mg doses. Transparent and yellow traps recorded the highest captures. The sex ratio ranged from approximately 1:1 to 2.5:1 male:female. Seasonal monitoring revealed adult activity from late March to mid-July with a clear activity peak in late May to early June. Additionally, 17 other Lixinae species totaling 980 specimens across seven genera were captured, demonstrating grandisol's utility for biodiversity surveys.
Omari, S., et al. (2024). Preprint, doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5277839/v1.
Grandlure I serves as the principal component of the male-produced aggregation pheromone of the cotton boll weevil Anthonomus grandis grandis, enabling the assessment of how sublethal neurotoxic insecticide exposure disrupts pheromone-mediated behavior and reproductive capacity.
Experimental Protocol: Adult cotton boll weevils were exposed to sublethal concentrations of malathion (100 g a.i./L for 1 minute) and beta-cyfluthrin (25 g a.i./L for 1 minute) using dry residue exposure on glass surfaces. Pheromone perception was evaluated in a Y-tube olfactometer with grandlure synthetic pheromone at 24 and 96 hours post-exposure. Volatile collections were performed for four consecutive days using Porapak Q adsorbent in a push-pull aeration system with insects on cotton plants, followed by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. Fertility table parameters including net reproductive rate and intrinsic population growth rate were determined by tracking individual females until death across four treatment groups.
Performance Evaluation: Insects exposed to either malathion or beta-cyfluthrin completely lost the ability to discriminate grandlure pheromone from clean air in the Y-tube olfactometer at both 24 and 96 hours post-exposure, while control insects showed significant attraction. However, insecticide exposure did not affect pheromone production or emission in males, and the proportions of the four grandlure components (I:II:III:IV) remained consistent across treatments. The net reproductive rate was significantly reduced in all insecticide-exposed groups, and the intrinsic population growth rate decreased particularly when males were exposed to malathion. Couples with both sexes exposed to malathion failed to produce viable eggs entirely, indicating that sublethal insecticide exposure impairs pheromone perception and reproductive output.
Asymmetric cyclization reagent
Cyclobutaneethanol,1-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-,(1R,2S) has a special structure and is a prerequisite material for many pharmaceutical intermediates.
78.5±15.0℃
15.14±0.10
CC(=C)C1CCC1(C)CCO
SJKPJXGGNKMRPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
0.907±0.06 g/cm3
C10H18O
154.25
11
20.2
3
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