85475-88-3 Purity
96%
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Specification
Ghosh, Arun, et al. Fibers and Polymers 17.1 (2016): 9-14.
Feather meal is an abundant, protein-rich byproduct from poultry processing but has limited high-value uses due to the inherent brittleness. This study demonstrated how the Methyl Vinyl Ether/Maleic Anhydride Copolymer (MVEMA) served as a transformative additive, enabling the creation of ductile and compostable thermoplastic composites.
Strategy & Processing: Feather meal powder was blended with glycerol and MVEMA copolymer according to specific formulations. The mixtures were then processed using a thermal blending and compression molding method at 140°C. In this system, the MVEMA served as the continuous phase, and the feather meal keratin was dispersed in this phase. The copolymer also acted as a structural matrix and as a plasticizing agent to promote robust interphase cross-linking.
Key Results
· Incorporation of MVEMA transformed glycerol-plasticized feather meal from a brittle material into a ductile composite; tensile modulus decreased by 2-5× and strain-at-failure increased by 4-25× depending on the formulation. Tensile strength showed only marginal changes with blend ratio.
· SEM and spectroscopic analyses showed evidence of a morphology where keratin is the dispersed phase within a continuous MVEMA matrix, and spectroscopic signatures suggested the presence of strong interfacial interactions (ion, hydrogen-bonding and possible covalent linkages) between keratin and the copolymer.
· Storage modulus and glass-transition data confirmed the MVEMA-dominated continuous phase and improved mechanical coherence relative to feather meal alone.
Wang, Qian, et al. Molecular Pharmaceutics 14.10 (2017): 3598-3608.
Oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs like paclitaxel faces significant challenges, including limited bioavailability and inadequate absorption through the intestinal barrier. Here, a novel bioadhesive nanoparticle system was developed using Methyl Vinyl Ether/Maleic Anhydride Copolymer (PVMMA) as a key functional polymer. This copolymer was combined with the biodegradable block copolymer mPEG-b-PLA. The PVMMA component was selected specifically for its potential to provide strong bioadhesive properties, facilitating interaction with the mucosal lining and enhancing cellular interactions.
Fabrication of Nanoparticles
Oil phase comprised 6.5 mg PTX, 60 mg mPEG-b-PLA and 40 mg PVMMA in 2 mL ethyl acetate (30% MCT). The oil phase was emulsified into an aqueous phase containing 0.2% TPGS 1000 under high-shear homogenization, sonicated (probe, 10% power, 5 min) and solvent-removed by rotary evaporation; final dispersion was filtered through 0.45 µm to remove aggregates.
Key Results
· PTX encapsulation efficiency reached 90.2 ± 4.0%. m-NPs were uniform, spherical and displayed sustained PTX release relative to Taxol.
· Transport across the mucus barrier and prolonged retention in the intestine in ligated intestinal loop studies and ex vivo intestine imaging revealed that PVMMA-doped m-NPs had better transport ability compared to p-NPs and free dye.
· Apparent permeability (Papp) of PTX-m-NPs across Caco-2/HT29 monolayers was 1.3× and 1.6× higher than PTX-p-NPs and Taxol, respectively; systemic exposure mirrored this trend.
· PTX-m-NPs produced stronger cytotoxicity against A549 cells with an IC50 of 0.2 ± 1.4 μg/mL, consistent with improved cellular delivery.
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