Polylactic acid (PLA) serves as a versatile, eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastics, offering significant benefits due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Its purpose spans from medical applications, like biodegradable implants and drug dispensers, to practical everyday uses, including 3D printing and food packaging. PLA is favored for its low melt temperature, ease of processing, and high transparency. Additionally, it offers excellent resistance to water, fat, oils, and odours, making it ideal for thermoformed food containers. Sourced from renewable materials such as starch or sugar, PLA is nontoxic and innovative, providing a sustainable solution that biodegrades within 6 to 24 months depending on conditions, while maintaining structural integrity with enhanced strength and elasticity.
There are two main ways to synthesize polylactic acid (PLA): one is to synthesize polylactic acid by direct polycondensation of lactic acid, which is often done by melt polycondensation, melt polycondensation-solid state polymerization or solution polycondensation, which is collectively referred to as PC method.