Gibberellic Acid

• CAS: 77-06-5
• Catalog Number: ACM77065-3
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 346.38
• Molecular Formula: C19H22O6
• Description: Gibberellic acid promotes internode elongation & breaks certain dormancies in seeds.
• Synonyms: Ryzupstrong
• IUPAC Name: (1R,2R,5S,8S,9S,10R,11S,12S)-5,12-Dihydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadec-13-ene-9-carboxylic acid
• SMILES: CC12C(C=CC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O
• InChI: InChI=1S/C19H22O6/c1-9-7-17-8-18(9,24)5-3-10(17)19-6-4-11(20)16(2,15(23)25-19)13(19)12(17)14(21)22/h4,6,10-13,20,24H,1,3,5,7-8H2,2H3,(H,21,22)/t10-,11+,12-,13-,16-,17+,18+,19-/m1/s1
• InChI Key: IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N
• Boiling Point: 401.12 °C
• Melting Point: 227 °C
• Flash Point: 231.44 °C
• Density: 1.34 g/cm³ at 20 °C
• Solubility: Very soluble in acetone, ethanol, methanol
• Appearance: Solid
• Application: Gibberellins are known to promote shoot (internode) elongation and break certain dormancies in seeds. They also can induce flowering in some plant species.
• Storage: 0-6 °C
• Complexity: 772
• Exact Mass: 346.14163842
• Form: Powder
• Isomeric SMILES: C[C@@]12[C@H](C=C[C@@]3([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@]45[C@H]3CC[C@](C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O
• Monoisotopic Mass: 346.14163842
• Notes: Plant Tissue Culture Tested
• pKa: 4.0(at 25 °C)
• Storage Temperature: 2 to 8 °C
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 104 Ų

Case Study

Enhancing Lipid Accumulation in Tetradesmus obliquus for Biodiesel via Gibberellic Acid-Assisted Cultivation

Vinitha V, et al. Bioresource Technology, 2024, 406, 131017.

Gibberellic acid (GA₃) was experimentally applied to optimize biomass and lipid accumulation in Tetradesmus obliquus ON506010.1 for biodiesel production. In a controlled study, 50 µM GA₃ was supplemented in the growth medium, resulting in peak biomass productivity (0.785 ± 0.101 g/L/day) and lipid content (38.95% ± 0.35). Further optimization via response surface methodology (RSM), using 75 µM GA₃ combined with 10 µg/L selenium, yielded a significant increase in lipid content (42.80% ± 0.11) and biomass (0.964 ± 0.128 g/L/day). Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed enhanced expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid desaturase (FAD), with FAD upregulated by 4.4-fold. These findings underscore the critical role of gibberellic acid in regulating lipid biosynthesis and improving biodiesel properties in microalgae cultivation systems.

Gibberellic Acid-Mediated Mitigation of Chromium-Induced Photosynthetic Inhibition in Mustard Plants

Morris B, et al. Plant Stress, 2024, 14, 100694.

In this study, gibberellic acid (GA) was experimentally applied to alleviate chromium (Cr)-induced photosynthetic inhibition in Brassica juncea seedlings. Plants subjected to 100 µM Cr stress were treated via foliar spray with 10 µM GA, with or without 6% glucose. GA significantly improved photosynthetic efficiency and biomass by enhancing glucose utilization and reducing ROS accumulation. Key biochemical assays showed increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), proline, and antioxidant enzyme activities (e.g., SOD, CAT), along with optimal modulation of ethylene and nitric oxide (NO) signaling. The combinatorial GA and glucose treatment restored growth by stimulating stress-related signaling pathways and redox homeostasis.

Developmental Toxicity Assessment of Gibberellic Acid in Zebrafish Embryos via Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Wei Y, et al. Aquatic Toxicology, 2025, 279, 107247.

Gibberellic Acid (GA), a plant growth regulator, was experimentally assessed for developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Embryos were exposed to 10-50 μmol/L GA, followed by phenotypic analysis and molecular assays. Hatching and survival rates were recorded, with pericardial and renal edema observed at higher concentrations. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to evaluate expression levels of development-related genes (Myl7, Vmhc), liver and eye function markers (Fabp10a, Gnat1, Gnat2), and kidney injury markers (Kim1, Plce1, Pkd2). Additionally, ROS generation and oxidative stress gene expression (Gclc, Gsr) were quantified. Results indicate that GA exposure disrupts embryonic development via oxidative stress pathways, confirming its potential as an environmental endocrine disruptor.

Application of Gibberellic Acid Biosynthesis in Priestia megaterium RP1 for Hg²⁺ Bioremediation

Palanisamy R, et al. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 273, 132954.

This study investigates gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis in Priestia megaterium RP1 and its role in mitigating mercury (Hg²⁺) toxicity. Using liposome-encapsulated cytochrome P450 monooxygenase immobilized within silica nanoshells (LSICY), the enzymatic reduction of Hg²⁺ to elemental mercury (Hg⁰) was experimentally demonstrated. The system's NADPH-dependent electron transfer facilitated efficient Hg²⁺ biotransformation under controlled pH conditions. Gas chromatography confirmed GA production by P. megaterium RP1, correlating CYP450 activity with plant growth promotion in Oryza sativa exposed to Hg-contaminated soil. Experimental protocols included encapsulation of CYP450 in liposomes, silica immobilization, and exposure of rice seedlings to Hg²⁺ in hydroponic culture. LSICY's protective effect reduced Hg-induced phytotoxicity, underscoring the dual role of GA biosynthesis and enzymatic detoxification.

Gibberellic Acid for Attenuating NF-κB-Dependent Neuroinflammation in Sepsis

Xu H-J, et al. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2024, 976, 176665.

In this study, Gibberellic Acid (GA3) was experimentally applied to investigate its anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis-induced neuroinflammation. Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6J mice via intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Parallel in vitro experiments utilized BV2 microglial cells pre-incubated with GA3 before LPS stimulation to mimic inflammatory activation. Key inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) and molecular markers (Zbtb16, NF-κB, IκB) were quantified to elucidate the mechanistic role of GA3. siRNA-mediated silencing of Zbtb16 further confirmed its involvement in GA3's modulation of microglial M1 polarization. Results demonstrated that GA3 upregulated Zbtb16, suppressed NF-κB signaling, and significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release, thereby mitigating microglial activation and neuronal injury. This experimental application underscores GA3's potential as a therapeutic agent targeting NF-κB-driven neuroinflammation.

Custom Q&A

What is the molecular formula of gibberellic acid?

The molecular formula of gibberellic acid is C19H22O6.

What is another name for gibberellic acid?

Another name for gibberellic acid is Gibberellin A3.

What is the molecular weight of gibberellic acid?

The molecular weight of gibberellic acid is 346.4 g/mol.

What is the chemical structure of gibberellic acid?

The chemical structure of gibberellic acid is a pentacyclic diterpenoid with a lactone ring.

What is the role of gibberellic acid in plants?

Gibberellic acid is responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants.

Where is gibberellic acid found naturally?

Gibberellic acid is found naturally in Cocos nucifera, Prunus cerasus, and other organisms.

What is the IUPAC name of gibberellic acid?

The IUPAC name of gibberellic acid is (1R,2R,5S,8S,9S,10R,11S,12S)-5,12-dihydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadec-13-ene-9-carboxylic acid.

What is the InChIKey of gibberellic acid?

The InChIKey of gibberellic acid is IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N.

What is the CAS number of gibberellic acid?

The CAS number of gibberellic acid is 77-06-5.

What is the mono-potassium salt of gibberellic acid?

The mono-potassium salt of gibberellic acid has the CAS number 125-67-7.