Disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl

• CAS: 27344-41-8
• Catalog Number: ACM27344418
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 562.56
• Molecular Formula: C28H20Na2O6S2
• Synonyms: 2,2'-[Biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(2,1-ethenediyl)]bis(benzenesulfonic acid sodium) salt
• Appearance: Greenish Yellow Solid

Case Study

Disodium 4,4'-Bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl as Fluorescent Whitening Agent and Probe

Armstrong, Emily J., et al. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 99.7 (2021): 563-569.

This fluorescence spectroscopy study investigates the quenching of the fluorescent whitening agent disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl (NFW) by methyl viologen in aqueous solution, both in the presence and absence of beta-cyclodextrin. The research reveals that methyl viologen acts as an extremely efficient quencher of NFW fluorescence, and that the quenching mechanism has a significant static component originating from formation of a ground-state complex between the dicationic quencher and the dianionic fluorophore.
Experimental Protocol: Absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured at 25°C in aqueous solution with carefully controlled pH and ionic strength. NFW concentration was held constant at 0.2 µM while methyl viologen concentration was varied over the appropriate range. Stern-Volmer plots were constructed for fluorescence intensity versus quencher concentration under different conditions of beta-cyclodextrin concentration and ionic strength. Measurements were made with a steady-state spectrofluorometer using excitation at 350 nm and emission scanning from 360 to 600 nm.
Performance Evaluation: NFW forms a 1:1 inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin with an association constant of 2540 ± 380 M-1, and the inclusion complex protects the fluorescent NFW from quenching by water-soluble quenchers. In water without beta-cyclodextrin, methyl viologen quenches NFW fluorescence with a Stern-Volmer constant of approximately 5.0 × 103 M-1, which corresponds to a quenching rate constant of approximately 4 × 1012 M-1s-1, exceeding the diffusion-controlled limit. This extraordinarily high rate constant indicates that static quenching through ground-state complex formation makes a major contribution to the observed quenching.

Disodium 4,4'-Bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl for Circularly Polarized Luminescence

Zhang, Chong, et al. Advanced Materials 32.38 (2020): 2002914.

This materials science work demonstrates that chiral metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with helical channels can be used to transfer chirality to achiral fluorescent dyes, resulting in strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The study specifically incorporates disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl (CBS) as a blue-emitting fluorophore into the helical channels of enantiomeric MOF crystals. The work shows that the helical confinement induces chirality to the achiral dye, resulting in strong CPL signals with high luminescence dissymmetry factors. This approach provides a general method for generating CPL-active materials with tunable color.
Experimental Protocol: Enantiomeric pairs of chiral MOFs (l/d-CMOF) with 1.2 nm diameter helical channels were synthesized using chiral ligands and zinc acetate. Achiral fluorescent dyes including CBS, fluorescein sodium, and rhodamine B were incorporated in situ during MOF crystallization through a gel degradation method. The dyes become adhered to the inner surface of the helical channels via hydrogen bonding and C-H···π interactions.
Performance Evaluation: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirms that the MOF crystallinity is maintained after dye incorporation, and PXRD shows that the crystalline structure remains intact. The confined dye molecules exhibit greatly enhanced photoluminescence quantum yields compared to the solid dye powders: CBS shows an increase from 31% to 66% PLQY because the helical confinement prevents aggregation-caused quenching. Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows induced Cotton effects for the included dyes that are mirror images for the l and d MOFs, demonstrating that chirality transfer from the helical channel to the achiral dye has occurred.

Disodium 4,4'-Bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl as Fluorescence Probe for Pharmaceutical Analysis

Abdelazim, Ahmed H., et al. Scientific Reports 15.1 (2025): 24778.

This analytical chemistry study reports the development of a novel fluorescence-based method for the determination of zuranolone in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human plasma using disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl (CBS-X) as a fluorescent probe. Zuranolone is a neuroactive steroid drug that lacks strong intrinsic chromophores or fluorophores, making its direct determination by optical methods challenging. The method relies on formation of a fluorescent ion-pair complex between zuranolone and CBS-X, which can be measured spectrofluorometrically, providing a simple and sensitive method for routine quality control and therapeutic drug monitoring.
Experimental Protocol: The reaction conditions were optimized including pH, solvent composition, and CBS-X concentration. Acid phthalate buffer at pH 3 was found to be optimal, as the acidic environment promotes protonation of the basic nitrogen atoms in zuranolone, increasing its positive charge and facilitating ion-pair formation with the anionic sulfonate groups of Tinopal CBS-X. After mixing the components, fluorescence intensity was measured at 510 nm with excitation at 290 nm.
Performance Evaluation: The Job method of continuous variations confirmed 1:1 stoichiometry for the zuranolone-Tinopal CBS-X complex, and the binding constant was calculated to be 3.02 × 104 M-1, indicating a strong interaction. The method shows excellent linearity over the concentration range 5-200 ng/mL with a coefficient of determination r2 = 0.9996. The limit of detection is 1.50 ng/mL and the limit of quantification is 4.50 ng/mL, demonstrating high sensitivity. Accuracy studies give recoveries between 98.50% and 100.66%, with relative standard deviations less than 2% for both intra-day and inter-day precision.