Ammonium thiosulfate

• CAS: 7783-18-8
• Catalog Number: ACM7783188-2
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 148.21g/mol
• Molecular Formula: H8N2O3S2
• Description: Ammonium thiosulfate is a white crystalline solid. It is very soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in photography, in chemical analysis, and for many other uses.;Liquid
• IUPAC Name: diazanium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-ж╦6-sulfane
• InChI: InChI=1S/2H3N.H₂O3S2/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h2*1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)
• InChI Key: XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Boiling Point: Decomposes (NTP, 1992)
• Melting Point: Decomposes at 302° F (NTP, 1992);150 °C (DECOMP)
• Density: 2 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999);1.679
• Solubility: 64 % at 68° F (NTP, 1992);VERY SOL IN COLD WATER; IN 100 CC OF WATER: 103.3 G @ 100 °C; SLIGHTLY SOL IN ACETONE;INSOL IN ALCOHOL, ETHER
• Appearance: Solid
• Application: Ammonium thiosulfate serves multiple purposes across various industries. Primarily, it is used as a liquid fertilizer due to its high nitrogen and sulfur content, which supports plant growth by decomposing into ammonium sulfate and colloidal sulfur upon application. This decomposition ensures that the ammonium sulfate is immediately available as a nutrient, while the sulfur oxidizes over time to provide a sustained release of nutrients. Additionally, ammonium thiosulfate acts as a urease inhibitor, prolonging the availability of nitrogen when used in combination with urea-ammonium nitrate solutions. Beyond agriculture, it functions as a photographic fixing agent, an analytical reagent, a fungicide, and a brightener in silver-plating baths, capitalizing on its unique chemical properties. This crystalline salt, characterized by its ammonia odor, is soluble in water and non-corrosive, making it suitable for storage in steel or aluminum containers. Its compatibility with nitrogen and nitrogen-potassium solutions enhances its versatility.
• Color/Form: COLORLESS, MONOCLINIC CRYSTALS;WHITE CRYSTALS
• Complexity: 82.6
• Corrosivity: Copper-base alloys are seriously corroded by ... ammonium thiosulfate with corrosion rates exceeding 10 kg/(square meter year) at 100 °C.;High silicon cast iron has reasonable corrosion resistance /to ammonium thiosulfate/ with a corrosion rate < 4.4 kg/(square meter year) at 100 °C.;The corrosion rate for stainless steels /to ammonium thiosulfate/ is < 440 g/(square meter year) at 100 °C.
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
• Decomposition: Decomposed by heat
• EC Number: 231-982-0
• Exact Mass: 147.997634g/mol
• Formal Charge: 0
• H-Bond Acceptor: 4
• H-Bond Donor: 2
• Heavy Atom Count: 7
• Monoisotopic Mass: 147.997634g/mol
• Odor: AMMONIA ODOR
• Other Experimental: Hygroscopic;No hydrates /of ammonium thiosulfate/ are known.
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Stability: Solutions decompose slowly below 50 °C and more rapidly at higher temperatures. The anhydrous salt decomposes above 100 °C to sulfite and sulfur.
• UNII: BKH1729645
• Vapor Pressure: 0 mm Hg (NTP, 1992)

Case Study

Boosting Lithium-Sulfur Battery Performance with Ammonium Thiosulfate as a Redox-Regulating Electrolyte Additive

Lu, Hai, et al. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16.11 (2024): 13640-13650.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a highly anticipated next-generation energy storage system because of their high theoretical capacity and energy density. The sluggish redox kinetics of sulfur and the shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are two major challenges that Li-S batteries must overcome for practical use. In this study, ammonium thiosulfate (AMTS) was studied as a bifunctional electrolyte additive to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries by modulating the redox reaction of sulfur and eliminating the LiPS shuttle.
AMTS as a Functional Electrolyte Additive
AMTS was introduced as an electrolyte additive to regulate sulfur redox reactions and suppress the LiPS shuttle effect. Its bifunctional role is attributed to its two active components:1) S₂O₃^2- ions facilitate the rapid reduction of long-chain LiPSs to short-chain sulfides during discharge through spontaneous chemical reactions. 2) NH₄⁺ ions promote the dissociation and oxidation of Li₂S/Li₂S₂ during charging via hydrogen-bonding interactions, preventing passivation of the electrode surface.
Key Results
AMTS as an electrolyte additive achieved fast bidirectional conversion of sulfur, strong suppression of LiPS shuttling, enhanced reversible capacity and cycle stability, and superior rate capability, even under lean electrolyte conditions.

Selective Recovery of Gold and Silver from Sulfide Ore by Ammonium Thiosulfate Leaching

Bae, Mooki, et al. Metals 10.8 (2020): 1029.

Ammonium thiosulfate is an alternative to conventional cyanide lixiviants in the hydrometallurgical recovery of gold and silver. Its efficacy as a leaching agent for precious metals from a sulfide ore concentrate was evaluated, with consideration of optimized parameters and performance.
Methods: A sulfide ore concentrate containing 84 ppm Au, 852 ppm Ag, 18.9% Fe, 23.2% Si, and 21.1% S was used. Leaching tests were conducted in a 150 mL glass reactor equipped with temperature control and mechanical stirring (300 rpm). The effects of the following parameters were investigated, including leaching time (1-4 hours), ammonium thiosulfate concentration (0.05-0.5 M), copper sulfate (CuSO4) concentration (0.05-0.25 M), solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L,0.2-0.5), temperature (40-60°C).
Key Results
· Au Leaching: Under optimal conditions (0.5 M ammonium thiosulfate, 0.05 M CuSO4, S/L = 0.2, 60°C, 2 h), over 99% of gold was extracted.
· Ag Leaching: Nearly complete dissolution of silver was achieved using 0.5 M ammonium thiosulfate and 0.05 M CuSO4 at 60°C for 4 hours.
· Copper sulfate served as an efficient catalytic oxidizer, and the dissolution efficiency was achieved without the use of high concentrations of deleterious additives.

Custom Q&A

What is the molecular formula of ammonium thiosulfate?

The molecular formula of ammonium thiosulfate is H8N2O3S2.

What is ammonium thiosulfate used for?

Ammonium thiosulfate is used in the leaching of gold and silver, as a fertilizer, and as a photographic fixing salt.

What is the chemical name of ammonium thiosulfate?

The chemical name of ammonium thiosulfate is diazanium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-λ 6 -sulfane.

What is the molecular weight of ammonium thiosulfate?

The molecular weight of ammonium thiosulfate is 148.21 g/mol.

What are the synonyms for ammonium thiosulfate?

The synonyms for ammonium thiosulfate include ammonium thiosulphate, diammonium thiosulfate, Thio-Sul, ammonium hyposulfite, and Ammo hypo.

How many hydrogen bond donor counts does ammonium thiosulfate have?

Ammonium thiosulfate has 2 hydrogen bond donor counts.

How many hydrogen bond acceptor counts does ammonium thiosulfate have?

Ammonium thiosulfate has 4 hydrogen bond acceptor counts.

What is the exact mass of ammonium thiosulfate?

The exact mass of ammonium thiosulfate is 147.99763447 g/mol.

How many heavy atom counts does ammonium thiosulfate have?

Ammonium thiosulfate has 7 heavy atom counts.

What is the CAS number of ammonium thiosulfate?

The CAS number of ammonium thiosulfate is 7783-18-8.