Acrinol monohydrate

• CAS: 6402-23-9
• Catalog Number: ACM6402239
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 361.4
• Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₁₅N₃O.C₃H₆O₃.H₂O
• Synonyms: Ethacridine lactate monohydrate
• IUPAC Name: 7-ethoxyacridine-3,9-diamine;2-hydroxypropanoicacid;hydrate
• SMILES: CCOC1=CC2=C(C3=C(C=C(C=C3)N)N=C2C=C1)N.CC(C(=O)O)O.O
• InChI Key: NYEPHMYJRNWPLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Boiling Point: 523.5ºC at 760 mmHg
• Melting Point: 243-245ºC
• Flash Point: 270.4ºC
• Appearance: white powder
• Exact Mass: 361.16400
• Hazard Statements: Xi
• Safety Description: S26-S36
• WGK Germany: 3

Case Study

Acrinol as a Novel Fluorescent Dye for Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis

Naya, Yoshio, et al. Journal of Endourology Case Reports 4.1 (2018): 25-27.

Acrinol (ethacridine lactate), an acridine derivative and safe topical antiseptic, serves as a novel nuclear-staining contrast agent for probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE). It enables real-time optical biopsy of bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS) that is invisible under standard white-light cystoscopy.
Protocol: During transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT), 50 mL of 0.1% acrinol solution and 1 mL of 10% fluorescein (diluted in saline) were instilled intravesically for 5 min, then washed out. A 2.7 mm pCLE probe was inserted through the cystoscope working channel to image the mucosa. Targeted biopsies were obtained from areas with abnormal pCLE signals.
Performance Evaluation: White-light cystoscopy showed irregular mucosa but no visible tumor. pCLE with acrinol clearly visualized abnormal, enlarged cell nuclei within the mucosa of a bladder diverticulum, indicating carcinoma in situ. Histopathological examination of the biopsied site confirmed CIS. Unlike fluorescein, which only stains tissue structures without nuclear detail, acrinol specifically labels cell nuclei. Compared to acriflavine (used for gastrointestinal CLE), acrinol is safer-non-irritating to skin and mucosa-and is already approved as an antiseptic in urological, gynecological, and dermatological practice in Japan.
Conclusion: Acrinol-enhanced pCLE enables optical biopsy of bladder CIS undetectable by conventional cystoscopy, offering a promising tool for real-time histological assessment during TURBT.

Acrinol (Ethacridine Lactate) as a Potent Antibacterial Agent in Graphene Oxide-Based Nanocarriers

Jabri, Tooba, et al. Antibiotics 12.4 (2023): 755.

Acrinol (ethacridine lactate), a safe acridine-derived topical antiseptic, exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. When loaded onto glucosamine-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-GLA) nanocarriers, it retains significant antimicrobial efficacy with low host cytotoxicity, offering a targeted delivery strategy.
Fabrication and Characterization: GO was synthesized via improved Hummers' method and functionalized with glucosamine through EDC/NHS amide coupling. Acrinol was loaded onto GO-GLA via non-covalent interactions (electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking) with an entrapment efficiency of 89%. Nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, AFM, and zeta potential analysis.
Performance Evaluation: Acrinol alone showed 100% bactericidal activity against E. coli K1, S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa, S. enterica, B. cereus, S. pneumoniae, and S. pyogenes at 100 μg/mL. GO-GLA-Acrinol exhibited 31-97% killing against these strains. MIC90 values for free acrinol were 9.7 μg/mL against S. enterica and 6.2 μg/mL against B. cereus. Acrinol outperformed sulfamethoxazole in all assays. LDH cytotoxicity assays showed limited host cell damage (≤38% for GO-GLA-Acrinol), confirming biocompatibility. FTIR and XRD confirmed successful drug loading and amorphization.
Conclusion: Acrinol is a potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Its GO-GLA nanoconjugate provides a promising platform for targeted antimicrobial delivery with reduced off-target effects.

Ethacridine Lactate with Tannic Acid Albumin for Prevention of Diarrhea

Salama-Müller, Andera, et al. Natural Product Communications 18.5 (2023): 1934578X231170998.

The fixed combination of tannin albuminate and ethacridine lactate monohydrate (TA/ET) has been used clinically for treating and preventing diarrhea for decades. This narrative review systematically evaluated published evidence on TA/ET efficacy and safety. A literature search identified 366 records, of which 13 studies met eligibility criteria, encompassing more than 3,000 patients. Tannin-mediated astringent effects protect the intestinal mucosa through protein precipitation, while ethacridine lactate provides antiseptic-bacteriostatic and spasmolytic properties, with both ingredients acting locally without significant systemic absorption.
Experimental Protocol: Included studies comprised four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in acute diarrhea, three non-interventional studies (NIS), two RCTs for traveler's diarrhea prevention, two pilot studies in chronic diarrhea, and two meta-analyses on gelatin tannate in children. RCTs compared TA/ET (500mg/50mg, typically 2 tablets three times daily) against tannin albuminate alone, loperamide, Carbo medicinalis, and a probiotic yeast. NIS included both adults and children aged 1-18 years. Outcomes comprised stool frequency, consistency, diarrhea duration, and safety assessments. Performance Evaluation: In acute diarrhea, TA/ET significantly reduced stool frequency compared to tannin albuminate alone (2.7 vs 3.9 stools within 7-24h, p<0.001), with only 23.1% of TA/ET patients retaining liquid stools after 24h versus 81.8% on tannin albuminate. Against loperamide, stool frequency decreased from 6.2 to 1.9 stools/day. For traveler's diarrhea, TA/ET reduced mean duration to 33.8h versus 51.4h (p=0.0394). Prophylactically, TA/ET reduced incidence from 81.4% to 52.9% (p<0.0125) in one RCT and from 50.5% to 12% in a large NIS. In chronic diarrhea, pilot studies demonstrated clinically relevant stool frequency reductions. Tolerability was rated very good to good by over 90% of physicians.

Custom Q&A

What is the molecular formula of Acrinol monohydrate?

The molecular formula of Acrinol monohydrate is C18H23N3O5.

What are the synonyms of Acrinol monohydrate?

The synonyms of Acrinol monohydrate are Ethacridine lactate monohydrate, 6402-23-9, Ethodin, Rivanol monohydrate, and Ethacridine lactate hydrate.

What is the molecular weight of Acrinol monohydrate?

The molecular weight of Acrinol monohydrate is 361.4 g/mol.

What is the parent compound of Acrinol monohydrate?

The parent compound of Acrinol monohydrate is Ethacridine.

What are the component compounds of Acrinol monohydrate?

The component compounds of Acrinol monohydrate are Water (CID 962) and Lactic Acid (CID 612).

When was Acrinol monohydrate created?

Acrinol monohydrate was created on 2005-07-19.

When was Acrinol monohydrate last modified?

Acrinol monohydrate was last modified on 2023-10-21.

What is the IUPAC Name of Acrinol monohydrate?

The IUPAC Name of Acrinol monohydrate is 7-ethoxyacridine-3,9-diamine;2-hydroxypropanoic acid;hydrate.

What is the InChI of Acrinol monohydrate?

The InChI of Acrinol monohydrate is InChI=1S/C15H15N3O.C3H6O3.H2O/c1-2-19-10-4-6-13-12(8-10)15(17)11-5-3-9(16)7-14(11)18-13;1-2(4)3(5)6;/h3-8H,2,16H2,1H3,(H2,17,18);2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6);1H2.

What is the CAS number of Acrinol monohydrate?

The CAS number of Acrinol monohydrate is 6402-23-9.