General Safety Handling Consideration

As a company of integrity, we deem it our responsibility to raise safety awareness and promote safe working practices in the laboratory. To ensure a safe working environment, the following guidelines may be of help.

We believe the best safety philosophy is to avoid any mishaps and deal with all emergencies calmly and wisely. Before everything else, recognizing the potential source of danger should come first. A basic understanding of terms and labels referring to chemical hazards is quite necessary.

• Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Pictograms

Explosive

Flammable

Oxidizing

Gases

Corrosive

Toxic

Harmful Irritant

Health Hazard

Dangerous for the Environment

• GHS Precautionary Statements

General Precautionary Statements

P101	If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use.

Prevention precautionary statements

P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P210a	Keep away from heat. - No smoking.
P210b	Keep away from sparks. - No smoking.
P210c	Keep away from open flames. - No smoking.
P210d	Keep away from hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P220a	Keep away from clothing.
P220b	Keep away from combustible materials.
P220c	Keep away from reducing agents, heavy metal compounds, acids and alkalis.
P220d	Keep away from oxidizing and acidic substances, as well as heavy metal compounds.
P220e	Keep away from iron.
P220f	Keep away from water.
P220g	Keep away from acids.
P220h	Keep away from alkaline solutions.
P220i	Keep away from metals.
P220j	Keep away from oxidizing agents and acidic substances.
P220k	Keep away from flammable organic substances.
P220l	Keep away from acids, reducing agents and flammable materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles.
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep contents moist.
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P231+P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool.
P235+P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash thoroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P280a	Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection.
P280b	Wear protective gloves and eye protection.
P280c	Wear protective gloves and face protection.
P280d	Wear protective clothing and eye protection.
P280e	Wear protective clothing and face protection.
P280f	Wear protective clothing.
P280g	Wear protective gloves.
P280h	Wear protective gloves/clothing.
P280i	Wear eye/face protection.
P280j	Wear face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.

Response Precautionary Statements

P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P301+P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301+P312	IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P301+P330+P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302	IF ON SKIN:
P302+P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302+P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P302+P352	IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303	IF ON SKIN (or hair):
P303+P361+P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P304	IF INHALED:
P304+P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304+P340	IF INHALED: Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304+P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305	IF IN EYES:
P305+P351+P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P306+P360	IF ON CLOTHING: rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307	IF exposed:
P307+P311	IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P308+P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P309+P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320	Specific treatment is urgent (see label).
P321	Specific treatment (see label).
P322	Specific measures (see label).
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	If skin irritation occurs:
P332+P313	If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P333+P313	If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P335+P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P337+P313	If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P342+P311	If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P370+P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to do so.
P370+P378	In case of fire: Use for extinction:
P370+P378a	In case of fire: Use for extinction: CO2, powder or water spray.
P370+P378b	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Special powder for metal fires.
P370+P378c	In case of fire: Use for extinction: CO2, sand, extinguishing powder.
P370+P378d	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Water.
P370+P378e	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Water haze.
P370+P378f	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Water spray.
P370+P378g	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Foam.
P370+P378h	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Alcohol resistant foam.
P370+P378i	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Fire-extinguishing powder.
P370+P378j	In case of fire: Use for extinction: BC powder.
P370+P378k	In case of fire: Use for extinction: ABC powder.
P370+P378l	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Carbon dioxide.
P370+P378m	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Limestone powder.
P370+P378n	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Cement.
P370+P378o	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Sand.
P370+P378p	In case of fire: Use for extinction: Dry sand.
P370+P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370+P380+P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P371+P380+P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P375	Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so.
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378	Use for extinction:
P378a	Use for extinction: CO2, powder or water spray.
P378b	Use for extinction: Special powder for metal fires.
P378c	Use for extinction: CO2, sand, extinguishing powder.
P378d	Use for extinction: Water.
P378e	Use for extinction: Water haze.
P378f	Use for extinction: Water spray.
P378g	Use for extinction: Foam.
P378h	Use for extinction: Alcohol resistant foam.
P378i	Use for extinction: Fire-extinguishing powder.
P378j	Use for extinction: BC powder.
P378k	Use for extinction: ABC powder.
P378l	Use for extinction: Carbon dioxide.
P378m	Use for extinction: Limestone powder.
P378n	Use for extinction: Cement.
P378o	Use for extinction: Sand.
P378p	Use for extinction: Dry sand.
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage.

Storage Precautionary Statements

P401	Store in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.
P401a	Store in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.
P402	Store in a dry place.
P402+P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P403+P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403+P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P410+P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410+P412	Protect from sunlight. Do no expose to temperatures exceeding 50°C/ 122°F.
P411	Store at temperatures not exceeding... °C/...°F.
P411+P235	Store at temperatures not exceeding... °C/... °F. Keep cool.
P411a	Store at temperatures not exceeding $°C.
P411a+P235	Store at temperatures not exceeding $°C. Keep cool.
P411b	Store at temperatures not exceeding $°F.
P411b+P235	Store at temperatures not exceeding $°F. Keep cool.
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50°C/ 122°F.
P413	Store bulk masses greater than... kg/... lbs at temperatures not exceeding... °C/... °F.
P413a	Store bulk masses greater than $ kg at temperatures not exceeding $°C.
P413b	Store bulk masses greater than $ lbs at temperatures not exceeding $°F.
P420	Store away from other materials.
P420a	Store away from foodstuffs.
P420b	Store away from flammable substances.
P420c	Store away from oxidizing agents.
P420d	Store away from reducing agents.
P420e	Store away from water.
P420f	Store away from metals.
P420g	Store away from acids.
P420h	Store away from caustic solutions.
P422	Store contents under...
P422a	Store contents under inert gas.
P422b	Store contents under protective gas.
P422c	Store contents under solvent.
P422d	Store under water.
P422e	Store in petroleum.
P422f	Store in nitrogen.

Disposal Precautionary Statements

P501	Dispose of contents/container to...
P501a	Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling.

• GHS Hazard Statements

Physical Hazards

H200	Unstable explosives.
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard.
H202	Explosive, severe projection hazard.
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard.
H204	Fire or projection hazard.
H205	May mass explode in fire.
H220	Extremely flammable gas.
H221	Flammable gas.
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol.
H223	Flammable aerosol.
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapor.
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapor.
H226	Flammable liquid and vapor.
H227	Combustible liquid.
H228	Flammable solid.
H240	Heating may cause an explosion.
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion.
H242	Heating may cause a fire.
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air.
H251	Self-heating: may catch fire.
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire.
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously.
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas.
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer.
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer.
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer.
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated.
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury.
H290	May be corrosive to metals.

Health Hazards

H300	Fatal if swallowed.
H300+H310	Fatal if swallowed or in contact with skin.
H300+H310+H330	Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled.
H300+H330	Fatal if swallowed or if inhaled.
H301	Toxic if swallowed.
H301+H311	Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin.
H301+H311+H331	Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled.
H301+H331	Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled.
H302	Harmful if swallowed.
H302+H312	Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin.
H302+H312+H332	Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled.
H302+H332	Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled.
H303	May be harmful if swallowed.
H304	May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
H305	May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways.
H310	Fatal in contact with skin.
H310+H330	Fatal in contact with skin or if inhaled.
H311	Toxic in contact with skin.
H311+H331	Toxic in contact with skin or if inhaled.
H312	Harmful in contact with skin.
H312+H332	Harmful in contact with skin or if inhaled.
H313	May be harmful in contact with skin.
H314	Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
H315	Causes skin irritation.
H316	Causes mild skin irritation.
H317	May cause an allergic skin reaction.
H318	Causes serious eye damage.
H319	Causes serious eye irritation.
H320	Causes eye irritation.
H330	Fatal if inhaled.
H331	Toxic if inhaled.
H332	Harmful if inhaled.
H333	May be harmful if inhaled.
H334	May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.
H335	May cause respiratory irritation.
H335+H336	May cause respiratory irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
H336	May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
H340	May cause genetic defects.
H340-EG	May cause genetic defects.
H340a	May cause genetic defects.
H341	Suspected of causing genetic defects.
H341-EG	Suspected of causing genetic defects.
H341a	Suspected of causing genetic defects.
H350	May cause cancer.
H350-EG	May cause cancer.
H350a	May cause cancer.
H350i	May cause cancer by inhalation.
H351	Suspected of causing cancer.
H351-EG	Suspected of causing cancer.
H351a	Suspected of causing cancer.
H360	May damage fertility or the unborn child.
H360+H362	May damage fertility or the unborn child. May cause harm to breast-fed children.
H360-EG	May damage fertility or the unborn child.
H360a	May damage fertility or the unborn child.
H360D	May damage the unborn child.
H360Df	May damage the unborn child. Suspected of damaging fertility.
H360F	May damage fertility.
H360Fd	May damage fertility. Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
H360FD	May damage fertility. May damage the unborn child.
H361	Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
H361-EG	Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
H361a	Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
H361d	Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
H361f	Suspected of damaging fertility.
H361fd	Suspected of damaging fertility. Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
H362	May cause harm to breast-fed children.
H370	Causes damage to organs.
H370-EG	Causes damage to organs.
H370a	Causes damage to organs.
H371	May cause damage to organs.
H371-EG	May cause damage to organs.
H371a	May cause damage to organs.
H372	Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
H372-EG	Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
H372a	Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
H373	May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
H373-EG	May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
H373a	May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

Environmental Hazards

H400	Very toxic to aquatic life.
H401	Toxic to aquatic life.
H402	Harmful to aquatic life.
H410	Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
H411	Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
H412	Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
H413	May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.
H420	Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere.

• European Union Hazard Statements

EUH001	Explosive when dry.
EUH006	Explosive with or without contact with air.
EUH014	Reacts violently with water.
EUH018	In use may form flammable/explosive vapor-air mixture.
EUH018a	In use may form explosive vapor-air mixture.
EUH018b	In use may form flammable vapor-air mixture.
EUH019	May form explosive peroxides.
EUH029	Contact with water liberates toxic gas.
EUH030	Can become highly flammable in use.
EUH031	Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.
EUH032	Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas.
EUH044	Risk of explosion if heated under confinement.
EUH059	Hazardous to the ozone layer.
EUH066	Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.
EUH070	Toxic by eye contact.
EUH071	Corrosive to the respiratory tract.
EUH201	Contains lead. Should not be used on surfaces liable to be chewed or sucked by children. Warning! Contains lead.
EUH201A	Warning! Contains lead.
EUH202	Cyanoacrylate. Danger. Bonds skin and eyes in seconds. Keep out of the reach of children.
EUH203	Contains chromium (VI). May produce an allergic reaction.
EUH204	Contains isocyanates. See information supplied by the manufacturer.
EUH205	Contains epoxy constituents. See information supplied by the manufacturer.
EUH206	Warning! Do not use together with other products. May release dangerous gases (chlorine).
EUH207	Warning! Contains cadmium. Dangerous fumes are formed during use. See information supplied by the manufacturer. Comply with the safety instructions.
EUH207-EG	Warning! Contains cadmium. Dangerous fumes are formed during use. See information supplied by the manufacturer. Comply with the safety instructions.
EUH208	Contains (name of sensitizing substance). May produce an allergic reaction.
EUH208-EG	Contains (name of sensitizing substance). May produce an allergic reaction.
EUH209	Can become highly flammable in use.
EUH209a	Can become highly flammable in use.
EUH209b	Can become flammable in use.
EUH209A	Can become flammable in use.
EUH210	Safety data sheet available on request.
EUH229	Pressurized container: May burst if heated.
EUH401	To avoid risks to human health and the environment, comply with the instructions for use.

However, there is no comprehensive database available for all substances and new information is consistently found on the front lines of scientific research. So for any reagent, the labeled hazards may not be exhaustive and even if with no explicit hazards given, one should not assume its safety level. This is especially true in the case of new reagents whose properties have not yet been fully investigated.

To minimize risks at any given time, one should always take preventative measures and design and conduct experiments in accordance to the risk assessment. Firstly, be sure to wear suitable protective equipment and handle with caution; secondly, prepare for emergencies since it is essential to react promptly and deliberately to mishaps.