Diethyl maleate serves a crucial role in the synthesis of various organic compounds, particularly as a reagent in the development of polyaspartic acid ester-based polyurea coatings. Its chemical properties make it a valuable dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis. Beyond its involvement in organic chemistry, diethyl maleate is recognized for its ability to deplete glutathione, which has implications in modulating pathways associated with cancer and cell growth. Although it has a distinct fruity odor, it is not used in fragrances due to regulatory prohibitions concerning sensitization risks.