Direct Black 168

• CAS: 85631-88-5
• Catalog Number: ACM85631885
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 902.80
• Molecular Formula: C34H27N9Na3O11S3
• Synonyms: 4-​amino-​3-​[2-​[4-​[[4-​[2-​(2-​amino-​4-​hydroxyphenyl)​diazenyl]​phenyl]​amino]​-​3-​sulfophenyl]​diazenyl]​-​5-​hydroxy-​6-​(2-​phenyldiazenyl)​-​2,​7-​Naphthalenedisulfoni​c acid sodium salt; 4-amino-3-[[4-[[4-[(2-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)azo]phenyl]amino]-3-sulfophenyl]azo]-5-hydroxy-6-(phenylazo)-2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid trisodium salt
• Appearance: Black Solid

Case Study

Direct Black 168 as a Model Azo Dye for Sonocatalytic Degradation Using Fly Ash/H2O2

Song, Ya-Li, et al. Ultrasonics sonochemistry 16.4 (2009): 440-444.

Azo dyes represent a major class of synthetic colorants used in textile industries, but their release into wastewater poses significant environmental hazards due to their persistence, toxicity, and interference with aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluated the degradation of the azo dye Direct Black 168 using a hybrid system combining ultrasound with a fly ash/H2O2 Fenton-like catalyst.
Fly ash, a waste product from thermal power plants, contains iron oxides that can catalyze H2O2 decomposition to hydroxyl radicals in acidic media, forming a heterogeneous Fenton-like system. Ultrasound irradiation was employed to enhance mass transfer, induce cavitation, and promote catalyst surface activation.
Key Results:
· Among four heterogeneous catalysts tested (fly ash, kaolinite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon), fly ash exhibited the highest efficiency, achieving 99.0% degradation of Direct Black 168 (100 mg/L) within 90 min under optimized conditions (pH 3.0, 2.0 g/L fly ash, 2.94 mM H2O2, 40 kHz ultrasound).
· Ultrasound significantly accelerated the degradation kinetics: at 200 mg/L dye concentration, 58.0% removal was achieved in just 3 min under ultrasound compared to only 17.2% with mechanical stirring, attributed to cavitation-induced particle rupture, surface activation, and microjet formation enhancing catalyst-dye interaction.
· The system proved robust across operating parameters: optimal pH was 3.0 (similar to classical Fenton), degradation efficiency increased with fly ash dosage up to 2.0 g/L and H2O2 concentration up to 2.94 mM, while higher initial dye concentrations (100→500 mg/L) reduced removal from 99.0% to 80.0%. NaCl exhibited only minor inhibitory effects (99.0% removal without NaCl vs. 93.4% with 50 g/L NaCl), suggesting applicability to saline textile wastewater.

Custom Q&A

What is the molecular formula of Direct Black 168?

The molecular formula of Direct Black 168 is C34H24N9Na3O11S3.

What is the molecular weight of Direct Black 168?

The molecular weight of Direct Black 168 is 899.8 g/mol.

What are some synonyms of Direct Black 168?

Some synonyms of Direct Black 168 include 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid,4-amino-3-[[4-[[4-[2-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)azo]phenyl]amino]-3-sulfophenyl]-5-hydroxyl-6-(phenylazol)-, trisodium salt and trisodium;2-[4-[(2-amino-4-oxidophenyl)diazenyl]anilino]-5-[(1-amino-8-oxido-7-phenyldiazenyl-3,6-disulfonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate.

When was Direct Black 168 created?

Direct Black 168 was created on December 24, 2015.

What is the InChIKey of Direct Black 168?

The InChIKey of Direct Black 168 is GWAKFAUFNNPZFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K.

What is the CAS number of Direct Black 168?

The CAS number of Direct Black 168 is 85631-88-5.

How many hydrogen bond donor counts does Direct Black 168 have?

Direct Black 168 has 5 hydrogen bond donor counts.

What is the topological polar surface area of Direct Black 168?

The topological polar surface area of Direct Black 168 is 375 Ų.

How many heavy atoms are present in the structure of Direct Black 168?

There are 60 heavy atoms present in the structure of Direct Black 168.

What is the complexity value of Direct Black 168?

The complexity value of Direct Black 168 is 1760.