Kamaruzaman M R, Chin S Y, Pui E C L, et al
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2018, 58(2): 510-516
A sustainable and renewable biobased polyester polyol for polyurethane production was synthesized through the esterification of azelaic acid and sorbitol catalyzed by tin(II) oxide in a batch system. The studies on chemical equilibrium, reaction kinetics and important operating parameters were carried out. The temperature, molar ratio of sorbitol to azelaic acid and catalyst loading were varied in order to determine the best reaction conditions. The polyester polyol synthesized was tested for its fatty acid content through titration. The best operating condition found was at reaction temperatu...
Although noble metal oxides and their composites can increase the specific capacitance in supercapacitors, their high cost greatly limits their application in commercial production.