Polyethylene Glycol Used in Nucleic Acid Aptamer Screening Method

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Nucleic acid aptamers are called chemical antibodies. Like real antibodies, aptamers have great potential in various biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine, drug delivery, cell engineering, bioimaging, biosensing, etc. Unfortunately, finding aptamers is very difficult. In order to make the aptamer screening process simple and efficient, researchers have developed many ingenious methods. However, some challenges, such as PCR amplification bias, conformational changes of proteins or aptamers, low aptamer diversity, especially non-specific binding to screening matrices and aptamers, still exist.

Researchers have created a new nucleic acid aptamer screening method. The principle is different from traditional methods. The researchers use polyethylene glycol hydrogels that are three-dimensional, have no non-specific adhesion and have large pores, to perform affinity-diffusion coupling to screen nucleic acid aptamers.

Polyethylene Glycol Used in Nucleic Acid Aptamer Screening Method

Ideally, a three-dimensional percolation space contains only target molecules and libraries. All target molecules are immobilized, while the library diffuses freely. If a candidate in the library does not bind tightly to an immobilized target molecule, it will be free to leave this defined space. In contrast, if candidates are tightly trapped by immobilized molecules, they will be trapped in this space. Furthermore, if a desired aptamer candidate detaches from a previously bound target molecule, it will rebind to an immobilized molecule. Therefore, this candidate is not easily lost during the diffusion process. In this ideal situation, aptamer screening can be completed in one step without the repeated process of traditional aptamer screening. All problems related to repetitive operations can be avoided.

The team created a porous, non-adhesive space using a molecule called polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has no non-specific adhesion. The data show that the library diffuses out of the large-porous PEG hydrogel very quickly. In contrast, in PEG hydrogels with specific molecules, the apparent diffusion of the library slows down. An enriched aptamer library can be obtained in one step through affinity-diffusion coupling. To demonstrate the broad-spectrum practicability of this method, the team conducted aptamer screening against five protein target molecules. These five protein target molecules have a wide range of isoelectric points, including negatively charged, neutrally charged and positively charged molecules. The aptamers for these five proteins are all completed in one step.

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