Sodium chloride

Name: Sodium chloride
SKU: ACM7647145
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

CAS

7647-14-5

Catalog Number

ACM7647145

Category

Metal & Ceramic Materials

Molecular Weight

58.44

Molecular Formula

ClNa

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Specification

Description

Sodium chloride, also known as salt or halite, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. In the form of edible or table salt it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. A second major consumer of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.

Synonyms

sodium hydrochloride;Sodium chloride;

IUPAC Name

Sodium;chloride

Canonical SMILES

[Na+].[Cl-]

InChI

InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1

InChI Key

FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Boiling Point

1465 °C

Melting Point

801 °C

Flash Point

1413 °C

Density

1.199 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)

Solubility

Slightly soluble in ethanol

Appearance

White crystalline solid

Application

Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, serves a myriad of vital functions across various fields. In culinary practices, it enhances flavor and meets dietary sodium requirements, while also playing a crucial role in food preservation. Therapeutically, sodium chloride solutions help combat dehydration by replenishing electrolytes. In the chemical industry, it is indispensable for producing important chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate. Beyond this, sodium chloride is utilized in diverse applications like dyeing and printing textiles, glazing pottery, and soap making. It is also essential in the preparation of numerous pharmaceutical formulations, particularly to create isotonic solutions. Though its use as a lubricant and diluent in tablet formulations is now rare, sodium chloride has historically served as a channeling and osmotic agent in controlled-release tablets. Additionally, it modifies drug release from gels and emulsions, influences micelle size, and adjusts the viscosity of polymer dispersions. Its multifaceted applications deeply underscore the importance of sodium chloride across multiple domains.

Storage

Store at +15 °C to +30 °C

Color/Form

Colorless, transparent crystals or white, crystalline powder;Colorless and transparent or translucent when in large crystals;Colorless cubic crystals

Complexity

Corrosivity

Sodium chloride solutions are corrosive to base metals

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count

Decomposition

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrochloric acid and disodium oxide/.

EC Number

231-598-3

Exact Mass

57.958622

Formal Charge

Hazard Codes

H-Bond Acceptor

H-Bond Donor

Heavy Atom Count

HS Code

2501002000

LogP

-2.99600

MDL Number

MFCD00003477

Monoisotopic Mass

57.958622

NSC Number

77364

Other Experimental

A 23% aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes at -20.5 °C. ... Density of saturated aqueous solution at 25 °C is 1.202 ... Begins to volatilize at a little above its melting point. ... Its solubility is decreased by hydrogen chloride.;Somewhat hygroscopic;VP: 1 mm Hg at 865 °C;Specific heat = 0.853 J/g-k; hardness Mohs' scale: 2.5; critical humidity at 20 °C: 75.3%; heat of solution, 1 kg H₂O, 25 °C: 3.757 kJ/mol /Table/;Enthalpy of formation: -410.9 kJ/mol at 25 °C; Density of molten sodium chloride at 850 °C: 1.549 g/cu cm; latent heat of fusion: 0.52 kJ/g

Physical State

Colorless crystals

PubChem ID

5234

Refractive Index

n20/D 1.378

Rotatable Bond Count

Stability

Stable under normal shipping and handling conditions.

Storage Conditions

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Topological Polar Surface Area