Polyvinylpyrrolidone

• CAS: 9003-39-8
• Catalog Number: ACM9003398-21
• Category: Polymer/Macromolecule
• Molecular Weight: avg.40000
• Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
• Description: PVP has biocompatibility, low toxicity, adhesive characteristics, complexing stability, relatively inert behavior, and is resistant to thermal degradation. It is readily prepared by the polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone or by Reppe synthesis technique.
• Synonyms: PVP; Povidone; Polyvidone
• IUPAC Name: 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
• Canonical SMILES: C=CN1CCCC1=O
• InChI: InChI=1S/C6H9NO/c1-2-7-5-3-4-6(7)8/h2H,1,3-5H2
• InChI Key: WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Boiling Point: 90-93 °C;96 °C @ 14 mm Hg; 193 °C @ 400 mm Hg;at 1.3kPa: 90-93 °C;194°F
• Melting Point: 13.9 °C;13 °C;57°F
• Flash Point: 100.5 °C (213 °F) open cup;95 °C closed cup;93 °C;199.4°F
• Density: 1.23 to 1.29 (NTP, 1992);1.23-1.29;1.04 @ 24 °C/4 °C;Relative density (water = 1): 1.04;1..04
• Solubility: greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68° F (NTP, 1992);Soluble in water and in ethanol. Insoluble in ether;Sol in water giving a colloidal soln; practically insol in ether; sol in alcohol, chloroform;Sol in chlorinated hydrocarbons, amines, nitro paraffins, lower wt fatty acids;Soluble in water;Soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ether, solvent hexane, acetone.;Practically insoluble in acetone, and light petroleum.;Soluble in water and many organic solvents;In water, 5.2X10+4 mg/L @ 25 °C /Estimated/;Solubility in water: good;Solubility in water: very good
• Appearance: Powder
• Application: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP),also known as K90 is a water soluble polymer with good bio-stability. It is chemically stable, has low toxicity and is biocompatible. Hence, it is useful in a variety of s such as cosmetics, tissue engineering, and biomedical engineering.
• Autoignition Temperature: 240 °C;364 °C
• Color/Form: Faintly yellow solid;WHITE TO CREAMY WHITE POWDER;White, free-flowing, amorphous powder or aqueous solution;Yellowish-brown amorphous hygroscopic powder;Clear to light straw colored liquid
• Complexity: 120
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
• Decomposition: When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitroxides. /Poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) homopolymer and Hueper's polymer 1-7/;When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxide/.
• EC Number: 201-800-4
• Exact Mass: 111.068413911
• Features And Benefits: This product has good hydrophobicity to meet your specific application needs
• Form: powder or crystals (or flakes)
• Formal Charge: 0
• H-Bond Acceptor: 1
• H-Bond Donor: 0
• Heavy Atom Count: 8
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• ICSC Number: 1471;1478
• Isomeric SMILES: C=CN1CCCC1=O
• LogP: 0.37 (LogP);log Kow = 0.37;0.4
• MDL Number: MFCD00149016
• Monoisotopic Mass: 111.068413911
• NACRES: NA.23
• NSC Number: 683040;142693;114022;10222
• Odor: ODORLESS;A slight characteristic odor
• Other Experimental: A 3.5% soln develops an osmotic pressure of 400 mm water;Forms complexes with a great many substances (eg iodine, polyacids, toxins, drugs, chemicals & dyes);Highly hygroscopic and should be stored under air tight conditions.;Solutions do not give the familiar starch test when freshly prepared.;Freezing pt: 13.5 °C;Henry's Law constant = 5.5X10-8 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C /Estimated/;Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 25 °C /Estimated/
• Packaging: 250 g in poly bottle; 1 kg in poly bottle
• PubChem ID: 24887621
• Quality Level: 200
• Refractive Index: Index of refraction = 1.511 @ 25 °C/D
• Rotatable Bond Count: 1
• RTECS Number: UY6107000
• Safety Description: 22-24/25
• Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.;Polymerizes readily in the presence of oxygen.;The product is stabilized against spontaneous polymerization prior to dispatch. It can however polymerize if the shelf-life or storage temperature are greatly exceeded.
• Storage Temperature: 2-8°C
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.3 Ų
• UNII: 76H9G81541
• Vapor Density: Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.83;3.83
• Vapor Pressure: 1.1X10-11 mm Hg @ 25 °C /Estimated/;Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 12;0.09 mmHg
• Viscosity: 2.07 cps @ 25 °C;2.07 cP at 25 °C
• XLogP3: 0.4

Case Study

Multifunctional Role of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Luo Y, et al. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2021, 22. 1-16.

In the pharmaceutical field, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be used as an adhesive, coating agent, suspending agent, pore-forming agent, solubilizer and stabilizer, etc., thanks to its inert, non-toxic and biocompatible properties. characteristic. PVP of different molecular weights and concentrations can be used in a variety of formulations for different uses. The multifunctional role of PVP in pharmaceutical formulations can mostly be explained by its viscosity, solubility, hydrophilicity and hydrogen bond-forming abilities.
The main applications of PVP in the medical field
· Improve the bioavailability of drugs: keeping amorphous state; increasing surface area; increasing drug wettability.
· Improve the stability of drugs: increasing the viscosity; generating steric barriers; interactions between molecules.
· Improve the physical and mechanical properties: rigid/hygroscopic/hydrophilic properties; surface modification; high plastic deformation.
· Regulate the rate of drug release: pores formation after dissolution; formation of viscous layer.
· Prolong the in vivo circulation time of liposomes.

Application of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Nanoparticle Synthesis

Kallum M. Koczkur, et al. Dalton Trans., 2015, 44, 17883-17905.

In colloidal nanoparticle synthesis, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be used as a surface stabilizer, growth regulator, nanoparticle dispersant, and reducing agent.
Examples of PVP in colloidal nanoparticle synthesis
· PVP in the synthesis of metallic NPs: PVP is widely used as a stabilizing and shape-directing agent in the polyol synthesis of metallic NPs. Examples of these NPs include plasmonic elements (Ag, Au, Cu), catalytic elements (Pd, Pt), magnetic elements (Co, Ni) and bimetallic compositions (Au-M, PtM).
· PVP in the synthesis of metal oxide NPs: These oxides include compounds as iron oxides, more complex ferrites, as well as other transition metal and main group metal oxides, but also rare-earth metal oxides.
· Metal chalcogenide nanostructures with PVP: PVP serves as an excellent stabilizer and shape-directing agent also during metal chalcogenide (MC) NPs synthesis preventing their aggregation and passivating surface states. Furthermore, the use of PVP can enhance the optical properties of MC NPs under certain conditions.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone for the synthesis of nanomaterials

Koczkur, Kallum M., et al. Dalton transactions 44.41 (2015): 17883-17905.

Colloidal synthesis provides a route to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled composition and structural features. There are new approaches to obtain such nanostructures using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). PVP can be used as a surface stabilizer, growth regulator, nanoparticle dispersant, and reducing agent. This dependence stems from the amphiphilic nature of PVP and the molecular weight of the selected PVP. These properties can affect the growth and morphology of nanoparticles by providing solubility in different solvents, selective surface stabilization, and even obtaining kinetically controlled growth conditions. The properties of PVP-capped nanoparticles in terms of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), assembly, catalysis, etc. are discussed. The contribution of PVP to these properties and its removal are considered. Ultimately, NPs obtained by using PVP in colloidal synthesis are opening up new applications.
Pd nanowires and nanorods with 5-fold twinning structures have been synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of PdCl, NaI, and PVP. Based on HRTEM and ED, it is proposed that the nanowires are bounded by 5 {100} faces and grow along the [110] direction. The average diameter of the Pd NWs is 9.0 nm and the length is micrometers. PVP has a dual role in the synthesis of NWs. The first is to act as a reducing agent through the hydroxyl groups at the end of the molecule. The second role of PVP is to act as a surface protectant to prevent the nanowires from agglomerating together. The PVP concentration is also important because increasing or decreasing its concentration changes the final morphology from wires to spheres and rods or a mixture of triangles, strips, tetrahedrons, and cubes.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone in pharmaceutical research

Kurakula, Mallesh, and GSN Koteswara Rao. Journal of drug delivery science and technology 60 (2020): 102046.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is an inert, non-toxic, temperature-resistant, pH-stable, biocompatible, biodegradable polymer that helps encapsulate and contain hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. These advantages make PVP a versatile excipient in the development of a wide range of traditional to novel controlled release system formulations. Based on different molecular weights and modified forms, PVP can bring specific beneficial properties with different chemical properties. PVP research aims to design systems for drug, gene and cosmetic delivery, etc. The past and growing interest in PVP makes it a promising polymer to enhance the characteristics and performance of contemporary pharmaceutical dosage forms. PVP derivatives such as povidone-iodine (PVP-I) also have importance and role in the design and clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of treatments against COVID-19 in the current situation.
Hydrogels PVP is widely used in the development of hydrogels due to its swelling properties in aqueous environments. Some researchers used theophylline as a model drug to prepare and characterize cross-linked PVP hydrogels with 3 different compositions (drug: polymer ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3). It was concluded that the increase in PVP concentration reduced the release rate of the drug from the hydrogel-based compacted matrix tablets. A new pH- and electro-sensitive hydrogel was developed using PVP-polyacrylic acid (PAA) copolymers. This pH- and electro-sensitive hydrogel is suitable for sensors, actuators, switches, and drug delivery systems.

Custom Q&A

What is the molecular formula of Polyvinylpyrrolidone?

The molecular formula of Polyvinylpyrrolidone is (C6H9NO)n.

What are some synonyms for Polyvinylpyrrolidone?

Some synonyms for Polyvinylpyrrolidone are PVP, Povidone, and Polyvidone.

What is the boiling point of Polyvinylpyrrolidone?

The boiling point of Polyvinylpyrrolidone is 90-93 °C.

What are some characteristics of Polyvinylpyrrolidone?

Polyvinylpyrrolidone has biocompatibility, low toxicity, adhesive characteristics, complexing stability, relatively inert behavior, and is resistant to thermal degradation.

In what applications is Polyvinylpyrrolidone useful?

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is useful in a variety of applications such as cosmetics, tissue engineering, and biomedical engineering.

What is the quality level of Polyvinylpyrrolidone?

The quality level of Polyvinylpyrrolidone is 200.

What is the melting point of Polyvinylpyrrolidone?

The melting point of Polyvinylpyrrolidone is 13.9 °C.

What is the Autoignition Temperature of Polyvinylpyrrolidone?

The Autoignition Temperature of Polyvinylpyrrolidone is 240 °C.

What is the solubility of Polyvinylpyrrolidone?

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is soluble in water and in ethanol, and insoluble in ether.

How is Polyvinylpyrrolidone typically packaged?

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is typically packaged in 250 g or 1 kg bottles.