Minoxidil

• CAS: 38304-91-5
• Catalog Number: ACM38304915-1
• Category: Heterocyclic Organic Compound
• Molecular Weight: 209.25
• Molecular Formula: C9H15N5O
• Description: Minoxidil is a synthetic, anti-hypertensive drug that is used to treat high blood pressure. It was first introduced to the market in the early 1980s and has since become widely used in the treatment of hypertension. The drug is also used off-label to treat certain forms of hair loss, and is available in both topical and oral forms. Minoxidil is a potassium channel opener, meaning it works by widening blood vessels and allowing more blood to flow through them. This lowers blood pressure and helps to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
• Synonyms: 6-(1-Piperidinyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 3-oxide; 6-(1-Piperidinyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide; 2,4-Diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-N-oxide
• IUPAC Name: 3-Hydroxy-2-imino-6-piperidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-amine
• Canonical SMILES: C1CCN(CC1)C2=NC(=N)N(C(=C2)N)O
• InChI: InChI=1S/C9H15N5O/c10-7-6-8(12-9(11)14(7)15)13-4-2-1-3-5-13/h6,11,15H,1-5,10H2
• InChI Key: ZIMGGGWCDYVHOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Boiling Point: 351.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
• Melting Point: 272-274 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 166.5±28.7 °C
• Density: 1.5±0.1 g/mL
• Solubility: Soluble in water (2.2 mg/ml), 100% ethanol (29 mg/ml), propylene glycol, acetone, DMSO (6.5 mg/ml), and methanol.
• Appearance: White crystalline powder
• Application: Minoxidil is a selective ATP dependent K+ (Kir6) channel activator
• Storage: Room temperature
• EC Number: 253-874-2
• Exact Mass: 209.127655
• Hazard Codes: Xn
• Hazard Statements: Xn,T+
• MDL Number: MFCD00063409
• Physical State: Solid
• pKa: 4.61
• PSA: 91.16
• Refractive Index: 1.724
• Stability: Stable at normal temperatures and pressures.
• Supplemental Hazard Statements: H302-H315-H319-H335
• Symbol: GHS07
• Vapor Pressure: 0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
• WGK Germany: 3
• XLogP3: -1.49

Case Study

Use of Minoxidil in Hair Disorders

Suchonwanit P,et al. Drug design, development and therapy, 2019: 2777-2786.

Minoxidil is a piperidinylpyrimidine derivative that affects hair follicle cells by promoting hair growth and reducing hair loss. The positive effect of minoxidil on hair growth is mainly due to its metabolite, minoxidil sulfate, and the enzyme responsible for this conversion is sulfotransferase, which is located in hair follicles and varies in production among individuals.
Minoxidil has been widely used to treat a variety of hair conditions, including:
· Androgenetic alopecia
· Female pattern hair loss
· Alopecia areata
· Beard enhancement
· Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
· Chemotherapy-induced alopecia
· Eyebrow enhancement
· Frontal fibrosing alopecia
· Monilethrix
· Loose anagen hair syndrome
· Telogen effluvium

Custom Q&A

What is the physiologic effect of Minoxidil?

The physiologic effect of minoxidil is by means of Arteriolar Vasodilation.

What is the FDA Pharm Class for Minoxidil?

Minoxidil is an antihypertensive agent.

How is Minoxidil used topically?

Minoxidil is used topically to treat male pattern baldness.

How is Minoxidil converted into its active metabolite?

Minoxidil is converted into its active metabolite minoxidil sulphate by sulphotransferase enzymes.

What is the mechanism of action of Minoxidil in exerting its antihypertensive effect?

Minoxidil sulphate exerts its antihypertensive effect by opening plasma membrane ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

Can Minoxidil stimulate hair growth?

Yes, Minoxidil has hair growth stimulatory effects.

What is the UNII number for Minoxidil?

The UNII number for Minoxidil is 5965120SH1.

What is the color/form of Minoxidil?

Minoxidil appears as crystals from methanol-acetonitrile, and as white to off-white crystalline powder.

What is the melting point of Minoxidil?

The melting point of Minoxidil is around 248 °C.

What is the solubility of Minoxidil at pH 7.4?

The solubility of Minoxidil at pH 7.4 is greater than 31.4 ug/mL.

Synthetic Use

Upstream Synthesis Route 1

• 65277-42-1

• 38304-91-5

Reference: [1] Patent: EP2510930, 2012, A1,

Upstream Synthesis Route 2

• 110-89-4
• 35139-67-4

• 38304-91-5

Reference: [1] Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1995, vol. 60, # 8, p. 2436 - 2442

Upstream Synthesis Route 3

• 110-89-4
• 35139-67-4

• 38304-91-5

Reference: [1]Journal of Organic Chemistry,1995,vol. 60,p. 2436 - 2442

Downstream Synthesis Route 1

• 38304-91-5

• 80142-45-6

Reference: [1]Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,1983,vol. 26,p. 1791 - 1793

Downstream Synthesis Route 2

• 108-24-7
• 38304-91-5

• 64675-18-9

Reference: [1]Journal of Organic Chemistry,1995,vol. 60,p. 2436 - 2442

* For details of the synthesis route, please refer to the original source to ensure accuracy.