Cationic starch

• CAS: 56780-58-6
• Catalog Number: ACM56780586
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 0
• Synonyms: (3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammoniumchloridemodifiedstarch;Starch,(2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammoniumchlorideether;Starch,2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propylether,chloride;Starch,2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniopropylether,chloride;Starch,2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniopropylether,hydrochloride;Starch,N,N,N-trimethyl-2-hydroxypropanaminiumchlorideether;CATIONIC STARCH;STARCH HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE

Case Study

Cationic starch as paper coatings

Sharma, Mohit, et al. International journal of biological macromolecules 162 (2020): 578-598.

Starch and its derivatives have demonstrated their usefulness in paper coating processes. Among these derivatives, cationic starch is widely used in the paper industry as a flocculant, dispersant, and ink fixative. Conventional and alternative synthesis processes for cationic starch and nanocellulose are presented and their current and potential applications in papermaking are discussed, with a primary focus on surface treatments. In addition, environmental applications have been suggested to expand the understanding and use of these materials. Further research on modified polysaccharides is encouraged as a viable alternative to petroleum-based ingredients in coating formulations and to provide new properties to paper surfaces.
Cationic starch is widely used to be added to pulp to improve paper dry strength. This application is well established in the paper industry, with most of the recent innovations coming from synergies with other materials. Cationic starch containing nanoclay montmorillonite (MMT) and ZnO nanopowders have been shown to enhance the mechanical and optical properties of food packaging and drug delivery systems. Chitosan has also been used with cationic starch to improve the dry strength of non-wood papers. This strengthening is related to the ability of cationic starch to bind fibers and/or fillers together.

Flocculation of microalgae using cationic starch

Vandamme, Dries, et al. Journal of applied Phycology 22 (2010): 525-530.

Efficient and cost-effective harvesting of microalgae is a significant challenge due to their small size and low concentration in the culture medium. The potential of cationic starch as a flocculant for harvesting microalgae was evaluated using jar test experiments. Cationic starch is an effective flocculant for freshwater, but not for marine microalgae. At high cationic starch dosages, dispersion restabilization was observed. The cationic starch dosage required to induce flocculation increased linearly with the initial algal biomass concentration. The ratio of cationic starch to algal biomass required to flocculate 80% of the algal biomass was 0.1. For Scenedesmus, a lower dosage (ratio 0.03) was required
Flocculation of microalgae after addition of cationic starch was evaluated using jar tests. The algal suspension was divided into duplicate 100 mL beakers. The initial algal biomass concentration in the beakers was estimated based on the optical density at 550 nm. Cationic starch was added at specific dosages under vigorous stirring (1,000 rpm) using a magnetic stirrer. After 5 minutes, the stirring speed was reduced to 250 rpm. Stirring was stopped 30 minutes after the addition of the cationic starch. After another 30 minutes, the optical density of the supernatant was measured at half the height of the clear layer. The quantum yield of the photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II was measured 3 hours after the addition of the cationic starch and after 20 minutes of dark adaptation of the microalgae.

Effect of cationic starch surface sizing on papermaking

Lee, Hak Lae, et al. Tappi J 1.1 (2002): 34-40.

The characteristics of starch used for surface sizing affect not only paper properties but also the efficiency of the waste paper recycling process. In order to solve the problems associated with traditional sizing pressed starch, cationic starches were prepared and their effects on paper properties and papermaking processes were studied. The results showed that cationic starch outperformed oxidized starch in opacity, brightness, printing gloss and ink density due to its better retention. The effectiveness of cationic starch surface retention was verified using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The adsorption rate of cationic starch on fibers was significantly greater than that of oxidized starch, which reduced COD loading and increased fine particle retention and strength. When cationic starch was used to replace ammonium persulfate starch in a film transfer sizing machine, stiffness, opacity, brightness, printing quality and anti-picking properties were improved.
We prepared a cationic starch slurry with a concentration of 10% and cooked it at a temperature of 95℃ for 30 minutes. The cooked starch paste was placed in a constant temperature water bath at 65℃ for surface sizing. A coating base stock with a basis weight of 61 g/m2 produced on a high-speed gap former was used as the substrate for the surface sizing experiments. The starch solution on the film transfer size press was replaced with water when producing the unsized base paper. After surface sizing with the starch solution using an automatic rod coater, it was drum dried and lightly calendered on a soft calender. The optical and strength properties of the surface sized papers were determined according to TAPPI standard test methods. Delta gloss, trapping and ink density were measured after printing the sample strips with cyan ink on a printability tester.

Study on the adsorption of cationic starch in kaolin suspension

Chen, Yanxiao, Shaoying Liu, and Gongying Wang. Chemical Engineering Journal 133.1-3 (2007): 325-333.

The flocculation kinetics of kaolin particles suspended in 0.01 mol/L NaCl solution at pH 5.0 and the adsorption properties of cationic starch on the kaolin surface were studied. The adsorption kinetics of cationic starch followed the pseudo-second-order model. The flocculation kinetics showed that the increase in the amount of flocculant resulted in a higher rate constant for the flocculation process and a lower rate constant for the fragmentation of aggregates. Both the aggregation rate of particles and the collision frequency of particles were slow, and these two steps determined the rate of the flocculation process. The adsorption of cationic starch on the kaolin surface followed the Langmuir isotherm (R>0.99).
An appropriate amount of cationic starch was dissolved, stirred at 60℃ for 1h, and then stirred at room temperature for 24h to prepare cationic starch solutions with concentrations of 1g/L and 5g/L. One gram of kaolin was suspended in 100mL of 0.01mol/L NaCl solution at a predetermined temperature and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 10min. The cationic starch solution was added to the kaolin dispersion and the stirring was extended for a predetermined time. Complete adsorption and saturation were achieved after 1 day. Within the required time of 1-30 minutes, the kaolin settled and formed a clear liquid layer. 50 mL of the resulting clear liquid was removed and analyzed using a spectrophotometer and the colloidal titration procedure.