Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives from Ammonium Acetate and Acetophenone
Zhang X, et al. Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2019, 8(8), 1332-1335.
Ammonium acetate and acetophenone can be catalyzed by Cu(OTf)2 to prepare a series of 2,4,6-triphenylpyridines through cyclization and release of methane. The advantages of this synthetic strategy are good yield, readily available raw materials, cheap catalysts, solvent-free, and atom economy.
Synthesis Procedure of 2,4,6-Triphenylpyridine 3a
· The mixture of acetophenone (0.6 mmol), ammonium acetate (1.8 mmol, 3.0 equiv) and Cu(OTf)2 (10 mol%) was stirred at 110 °C for 12 h.
· When the reaction was completed (detected by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc and washed with brine.
· The organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to afford the oxime acetates with hexane/ethyl acetate as the eluent.
Ammonium Acetate Modified Rutile Tio2 Nanorod Array for Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cell Performance
Xu X M, et al. Surfaces and Interfaces, 2023, 43, 103563.
Ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) interfacial modification is an effective strategy to enhance the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays modified with ammonium acetate solution were used as the electron transport layer (ETL) of FTO/TiO@CH3COONH4/CsPbI2.25Br0.75/C perovskite solar cells. The PEC of the corresponding solar cell is 11.53%, which is about 22.4% higher than the control cell efficiency.
Preparation of ammonium acetate modified TiO2 nanorods ETL
· First, vertically oriented rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays were synthesized on FTO substrate via a simple one-step hydrothermal method and used as ETL.
· TiO2 nanorod ETL was modified by spin-coating ammonium acetate solution to achieve passivation of interface defects. Ammonium acetate treatment can enhance the separation of electrons and holes and can effectively reduce carrier recombination.
· Finally, the FTO/TiO2@CH3COONH4/CsPbI2.25Br0.75/C structure planar perovskite solar cell was successfully assembled using cheap commercial carbon slurry instead of the traditionally used gold/silver precious metals.
Ammonium Acetate for Zinc Recovery from Metallurgical Slag and Dust
Zheng X, et al. Materials, 2023, 16(14), 5132.
Ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) can be used as a leaching material to recover zinc (Zn) from metallurgical slag and dust (MSD) through response surface methodology (RSM). The process of recovering Zn using ammonium acetate is as follows:
· Experimental design of response surface: Stirring speed, leaching time, total ammonia concentration, and liquid-to-solid ratio are used as variables in the leaching experiment. The effective extraction rate of Zn during the coordination leaching process of NH3-CH3COONH4-H2O solution is defined as the response value. Other leaching experimental conditions include [NH3]/[NH4]+ molar ratio of 1:1 and leaching temperature of 25°C.
· Leaching experiment: Sample 20.00g of dry MSD material and mix it with the newly prepared ammonium acetate (NH3-CH3COONH4-H2O) leaching agent in a 300mL Erlenmeyer flask under stirring. Zinc leaching from MSD samples under specific experimental parameters.
· Leaching reaction to extract zinc: In this leaching system, dissolved zinc oxide (ZnO) can combine with ammonium ions (NH4+) and ammonia (NH3) to form a soluble [Zn(NH3))i]2+ complex. In addition, zinc ions can combine with carboxylate anions (RCOO-) to form stable complexes.
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