Action Mechanism of Monobenzone as A Skin-Depigmenting Agent
Van Den Boorn J G, et al. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2011, 131(6), 1240-1251.
Monobenzone is a powerful inducer of leukoderma and can induce depigmentation clinically and histologically indistinguishable from vitiligo. A study reports the mechanism by which potent anti-melanoma immunity is induced by the vitiligo-inducing compound monobenzone.
In the experiments, dendritic cells (DCs) were cultured in 48-well plates at 105 DC per well in 1 ml IMDM supplemented with GM-CSF, and were cocultured with 2 × 105 melanoma cells or EBV-WBO previously incubated overnight with 0, 20, or 40 μM monobenzone in 100 μl of IMDM per 2 × 105 cells at 37 °C 5% CO2.
Robust T-Cell Autoimmunity Induced by Monobenzone
· Monobenzone increases melanocyte and melanoma cell immunogenicity by forming quinone-haptens to the tyrosinase protein and inducing the release of tyrosinase- and MART-1-containing exosomes.
· It further augments the processing and shedding of melanocyte-differentiation antigens by inducing melanosome autophagy and enhanced tyrosinase ubiquitination, ultimately activating dendritic cells.
Monobenzone as A KDM1A Inhibitor to Inhibit the Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells
Ma P, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021, 12, 640949.
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (KDM1A) is usually highly expressed in various cancer tissues. Monobenzone was reported as a reversible KDM1A inhibitor that inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and BGC-823 with IC50 of 7.82 ± 0.55 μM and 6.99 ± 0.51 μM, respectively. Monobenzone can eliminate KDM1A, H3K4me1/2 and H3K9 substrate me2, and inhibit the migration of gastric cancer cells by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, monobenzone may penetrate into the cavity where FAD is located in KDM1A, which may form two hydrogen bonds with Arg316 and Thr624 residues respectively.
Materials and methods
· MGC-803 and BGC-823 cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 IU/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and placed in a humidified culture at 37°C and 5% CO2.
· The non-radioactive, colorimetric assay system using (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) MTT was performed to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of monobenzone on MGC-803 and BGC-823 cells.
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