Rose Bengal, 90%, indicator, is a versatile compound with significant roles in scientific studies and therapeutic applications. As a bordeaux-red to red-brown crystalline powder, it functions as a xanthene dye and fluorescein derivative, specifically serving as a photosensitizer with absorption/emission maxima of 548/567 nm. This compound is utilized in the study of its neuroprotective properties and potential for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies through the synthesis of Rose Bengal amphiphilic derivatives. In biological research, it demonstrates its efficacy by binding to S. aureus cells, markedly reducing their survival rate under photoirradiation, and generating singlet oxygen, which leads to cell damage. Additionally, Rose Bengal exhibits a profound impact on the inhibition of specific cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms in human liver microsomes, influenced by light conditions. While it has been applied in live cell staining, the compound's intrinsic and phototoxicity must be considered in experimental settings.